[ruby-core:124443] [Ruby Bug#21828] An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips`
Issue #21828 has been reported by y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA). Status changed from Open to Assigned Assignee set to hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-115992 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Assigned * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA). Backport changed from 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN to 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: REQUIRED https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/15824 ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-115998 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Closed * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: REQUIRED ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by k0kubun (Takashi Kokubun). Backport changed from 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: REQUIRED to 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ruby_4_0 commit:8d764da35768073c2e21ffeffa27ff2f3ab589b0. ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116046 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Closed * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma). ruby -v changed from ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] to ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] I still get the same warning on Ruby 4.0.1. ```bash $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] /home/y-yagi/.rbenv/versions/4.0.1/lib/ruby/gems/4.0.0/gems/benchmark-ips-2.14.0/lib/benchmark/ips.rb:2: warning: benchmark/timing is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116167 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Closed * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). Status changed from Closed to Open Re-opening since it's still a problem on master and on 4.0.1, so the fix doesn't seem to work. Another reproduction from https://github.com/evanphx/benchmark-ips/pull/148 is: ``` git clone git@github.com:evanphx/benchmark-ips.git cd benchmark-ips bundle bundle exec rake ``` which gives: ``` /home/eregon/code/benchmark-ips/test/test_benchmark_ips.rb:2: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ... ``` ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116666 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Open * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA). Status changed from Open to Closed The additional changes has been merged. I believe they fixed that. * https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/15908 * https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/16154 Please look the merged commit at stable branch at first. ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116668 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Closed * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). Status changed from Closed to Open As I said: Eregon (Benoit Daloze) wrote in #note-6:
still a problem on master
I have tried with `ruby 4.1.0dev (2026-03-11T07:46:22Z master c08f977ac7) +PRISM [x86_64-linux]` specifically. Please try the reproduction before closing without checking. ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116670 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Open * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). Also happens on `4.0-dev` from `ruby-build` (`ruby 4.0.1 (2026-03-10 revision 21f2bbf322) +PRISM [x86_64-linux]`). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116671 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Open * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). Interestingly it seems fixed for the original reproduction in the issue description, but *not* for the new reproduction of running `benchmark-ips`'s tests. ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116672 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Open * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). A main difference between both reproductions are the Gemfile.lock, for the reproduction in the issue description: ``` GEM remote: https://rubygems.org/ specs: benchmark-ips (2.14.0) PLATFORMS ruby x86_64-linux DEPENDENCIES benchmark-ips CHECKSUMS benchmark-ips (2.14.0) sha256=b72bc8a65d525d5906f8cd94270dccf73452ee3257a32b89fbd6684d3e8a9b1d BUNDLED WITH 4.1.0.dev ``` and for the reproduction from https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#note-6: ``` GEM remote: https://rubygems.org/ specs: drb (2.2.3) minitest (6.0.2) drb (~> 2.0) prism (~> 1.5) prism (1.9.0) rake (13.3.1) PLATFORMS ruby x86_64-linux DEPENDENCIES minitest rake (>= 10.5) CHECKSUMS drb (2.2.3) sha256=0b00d6fdb50995fe4a45dea13663493c841112e4068656854646f418fda13373 minitest (6.0.2) sha256=db6e57956f6ecc6134683b4c87467d6dd792323c7f0eea7b93f66bd284adbc3d prism (1.9.0) sha256=7b530c6a9f92c24300014919c9dcbc055bf4cdf51ec30aed099b06cd6674ef85 rake (13.3.1) sha256=8c9e89d09f66a26a01264e7e3480ec0607f0c497a861ef16063604b1b08eb19c BUNDLED WITH 4.0.3 ``` So it seems like the fix only works when there is a dependency on the `benchmark-ips` gem, but there could be `benchmark/something` files outside a gem and then it still warns incorrectly. ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116673 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Open * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). Thank you for the quick fix! ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116676 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Closed * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). Backport changed from 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE to 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: REQUIRED I think the latest fix should be backported too, so annotating it as such. ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116707 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Closed * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: REQUIRED ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
Issue #21828 has been updated by hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA). Backport changed from 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: REQUIRED to 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/9bcd9ba9b31fea19dc56bc2f5c69cf584d3bd23c ---------------------------------------- Bug #21828: An incorrect warning message related to `benchmark` is shown when using `benchmark-ips` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21828#change-116708 * Author: y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma) * Status: Closed * Assignee: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.2: DONTNEED, 3.3: DONTNEED, 3.4: DONTNEED, 4.0: DONE ---------------------------------------- ## Descrition When using `benchmark-ips` gem with Ruby 4.0.0, the warning related to `benchmark` gem is shown. ## Step to reproduce ```ruby # Gemfile # frozen_string_literal: true source "https://rubygems.org" gem "benchmark-ips" ``` ```ruby # script.rb require "benchmark/ips" ``` ```text $ bundle exec ruby -v script.rb ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] script.rb:1: warning: benchmark/ips is found in benchmark, which is not part of the default gems since Ruby 4.0.0. You can add benchmark to your Gemfile or gemspec to fix this error. ``` ## Expected behavior The warning for `benchmark` isn't shown when using `benchmark-ips`. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/
participants (4)
-
Eregon (Benoit Daloze) -
hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) -
k0kubun (Takashi Kokubun) -
y-yagi (Yuji Yaginuma)