New subject: [ruby-core:122633] [Ruby Bug#21462] [ruby-head] bundler crashes because default gems (json, openssl, optparse) having bloated spec.files containing files from other gems

30 Jun 2025

      Issue #21462 has been reported by ntkme (Natsuki Natsume).

----------------------------------------
Bug #21462: [ruby-head] bundler crashes because default gems having bloated spec.files containing files from other gems
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21462

* Author: ntkme (Natsuki Natsume)
* Status: Open
* ruby -v: ruby 2.6.10p210 (2022-04-12 revision 67958) [universal.arm64e-darwin24]
* Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN
----------------------------------------
This is causing ruby-dev-builder to fail in the past few days.

E.g. https://github.com/ruby/ruby-dev-builder/actions/runs/15981482361/job/450766...

Minimum reproduction:

```
# Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'json', '2.2.0'
```

```
bundle
bundle exec bundle --version
```

Error message:

```
/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/HEAD-99360e5/lib/ruby/3.5.0+2/bundler/runtime.rb:317:in 'Bundler::Runtime#check_for_activated_spec!': You have already activated json 2.12.2, but your Gemfile requires json 2.2.0. Since json is a default gem, you can either remove your dependency on it or try updating to a newer version of bundler that supports json as a default gem. (Gem::LoadError)
```

After manual inspection, I found that the default gem spec of json is broken, that it includes tons of files from other gems.

```
$ grep -a 's.files =' /opt/homebrew/Cellar/ruby/HEAD-99360e5/lib/ruby/gems/3.5.0+2/specifications/default/json-2.12.2.gemspec

  s.files = ["BSDL".freeze, "CHANGES.md".freeze, "COPYING".freeze, "LEGAL".freeze, "README.md".freeze, "ext/json/extconf.h".freeze, "ext/json/extconf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/fbuffer/fbuffer.h".freeze, "ext/json/generator/extconf.h".freeze, "ext/json/generator/extconf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/generator/generator.c".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/bigdecimal.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/complex.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/core.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/date.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/date_time.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/exception.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/ostruct.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/range.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/rational.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/regexp.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/set.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/struct.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/symbol.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/add/time.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/common.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/ext.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/ext/generator/state.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/generic_object.rb".freeze, "ext/json/lib/json/version.rb".freeze, "ext/json/parser/extconf.h".freeze, "ext/json/parser/extconf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/parser/parser.c".freeze, "ext/json/simd/conf.rb".freeze, "ext/json/simd/simd.h".freeze, "ext/json/vendor/fpconv.c".freeze, "ext/json/vendor/jeaiii-ltoa.h".freeze, "json.gemspec".freeze, "lib/English.rb".freeze, "lib/bundled_gems.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/build_metadata.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/capistrano.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/checksum.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/ci_detector.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/add.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/binstubs.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/cache.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/check.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/clean.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/common.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/config.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/console.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/doctor.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/doctor/diagnose.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/doctor/ssl.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/exec.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/fund.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/gem.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/info.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/init.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/inject.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/install.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/issue.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/list.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/lock.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/open.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/outdated.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/platform.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/plugin.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/pristine.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/remove.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/show.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/update.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/cli/viz.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/compact_index_client.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/compact_index_client/cache.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/compact_index_client/cache_file.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/compact_index_client/parser.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/compact_index_client/updater.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/constants.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/current_ruby.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/definition.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/dependency.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/deployment.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/deprecate.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/digest.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/dsl.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/endpoint_specification.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/env.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/environment_preserver.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/errors.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/feature_flag.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/fetcher.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/fetcher/base.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/fetcher/compact_index.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/fetcher/dependency.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/fetcher/downloader.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/fetcher/gem_remote_fetcher.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/fetcher/index.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/force_platform.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/friendly_errors.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/gem_helper.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/gem_tasks.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/gem_version_promoter.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/graph.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/index.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/injector.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/inline.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/installer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/installer/gem_installer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/installer/parallel_installer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/installer/standalone.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/lazy_specification.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/lockfile_generator.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/lockfile_parser.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/match_metadata.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/match_platform.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/match_remote_metadata.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/materialization.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/mirror.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/api.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/api/source.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/dsl.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/events.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/index.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/installer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/installer/git.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/installer/path.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/installer/rubygems.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/plugin/source_list.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/process_lock.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/remote_specification.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver/base.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver/candidate.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver/incompatibility.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver/package.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver/root.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver/spec_group.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/resolver/strategy.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/retry.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/ruby_dsl.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/ruby_version.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/rubygems_ext.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/runtime.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/safe_marshal.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/self_manager.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/settings.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/settings/validator.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/setup.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/shared_helpers.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/similarity_detector.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/gemspec.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/git.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/git/git_proxy.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/metadata.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/path.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/path/installer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/rubygems/remote.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source/rubygems_aggregate.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source_list.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/source_map.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/spec_set.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/stub_specification.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/ui.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/ui/rg_proxy.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/ui/shell.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/ui/silent.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/uri_credentials_filter.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/uri_normalizer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/timed_stack.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/version.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/connection_pool/lib/connection_pool/wrapper.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/fileutils/lib/fileutils.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent/connection.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent/pool.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/net-http-persistent/lib/net/http/persistent/timed_stack_multi.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/assignment.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/basic_package_source.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/failure_writer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/incompatibility.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/package.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/partial_solution.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/rubygems.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/solve_failure.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/static_package_source.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/strategy.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/term.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_constraint.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_range.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_solver.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/pub_grub/lib/pub_grub/version_union.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/securerandom/lib/securerandom.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/create_file.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/create_link.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/directory.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/empty_directory.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/file_manipulation.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/actions/inject_into_file.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/base.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/command.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/core_ext/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/error.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/group.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/invocation.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/line_editor.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/line_editor/basic.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/line_editor/readline.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/nested_context.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/argument.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/arguments.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/option.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/parser/options.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/rake_compat.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/runner.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/basic.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/color.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/column_printer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/html.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/table_printer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/terminal.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/shell/wrapped_printer.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/util.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/thor/lib/thor/version.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/tsort/lib/tsort.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/common.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/file.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/ftp.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/generic.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/http.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/https.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/ldap.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/ldaps.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/mailto.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/version.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/ws.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendor/uri/lib/uri/wss.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_fileutils.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_net_http.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_persistent.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_pub_grub.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_securerandom.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_thor.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_timeout.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_tsort.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vendored_uri.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/version.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/vlad.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/worker.rb".freeze, "lib/bundler/yaml_serializer.rb".freeze, "lib/cgi.rb".freeze, "lib/cgi/escape.rb".freeze, "lib/cgi/util.rb".freeze, "lib/delegate.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/core_ext/name_error.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/experimental.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/formatter.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/formatters/plain_formatter.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/formatters/verbose_formatter.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/jaro_winkler.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/levenshtein.rb".freeze, "lib/did_you_mean/spell_checker.rb".freeze, 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"lib/rubygems/source/specific_file.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/source/vendor.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/source_list.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/spec_fetcher.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/specification.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/specification_policy.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/specification_record.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/stub_specification.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/target_rbconfig.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/text.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/uninstaller.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/unknown_command_spell_checker.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/update_suggestion.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/uri.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/uri_formatter.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/user_interaction.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/util.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/util/licenses.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/util/list.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/validator.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/delegates/resolution_state.rb".freeze, 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"lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/gem_metadata.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/specification_provider.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/modules/ui.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolution.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/resolver.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/molinillo/lib/molinillo/state.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/exceptions.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/generic_request.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/header.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/proxy_delta.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/request.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/requests.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/response.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/responses.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/http/status.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-http/lib/net/https.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/net-protocol/lib/net/protocol.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optionparser.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse/ac.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse/date.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse/kwargs.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse/shellwords.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse/time.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse/uri.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/optparse/lib/optparse/version.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/resolv/lib/resolv.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/securerandom/lib/securerandom.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/timeout/lib/timeout.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/tsort/lib/tsort.rb".freeze, "lib/rubygems/vendor/uri/lib/uri.rb".freeze, 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"lib/uri/http.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/https.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/ldap.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/ldaps.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/mailto.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/rfc2396_parser.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/rfc3986_parser.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/version.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/ws.rb".freeze, "lib/uri/wss.rb".freeze, "lib/weakref.rb".freeze, "lib/yaml.rb".freeze, "lib/yaml/dbm.rb".freeze, "lib/yaml/store.rb".freeze]
```

In addition, "json" is not the only gemspec that's broken. In total I found 3 of them to be broken:

- json-2.12.2.gemspec
- openssl-3.3.0.gemspec
- optparse-0.7.0.dev.2.gemspec

The commonality among these gemspec is that they all have `Dir["lib/**/*"]` or some similar patterns, and due to the all default gems are installed in a single shared directory, the glob pattern is including files from other gems.

-- 
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

[ruby-core:122632] [Ruby Bug#21462] [ruby-head] bundler crashes because default gems having bloated spec.files containing files from other gems

ntkme (Natsuki Natsume)

ntkme (Natsuki Natsume)

hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA)

tags

participants (2)