Issue #21844 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). I think we should be strict with arguments for `Data.new`: Only keyword arguments with symbol keys, or an Array with the correct number of elements should be accepted, everything else should be an ArgumentError. `Data.define(:a, :b).new(1 => 1, a: 2)` should be an error, that seems a bug in CRuby (and already an error in TruffleRuby). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21844: Inconsistent ArgumentError message for Data::define.new https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21844#change-116195 * Author: jnchito (Junichi Ito) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.1 (2026-01-13 revision e04267a14b) +PRISM [arm64-darwin25] * Backport: 3.2: REQUIRED, 3.3: REQUIRED, 3.4: REQUIRED, 4.0: REQUIRED ---------------------------------------- The code below shows `Data::define.new` treats symbol and string keys equivalently: ``` ruby C = Data.define(:a, :b) C.new(a: 1, b: 1) #=> #<data C a=1, b=1> C.new('a' => 1, 'b' => 1) #=> #<data C a=1, b=1> ``` But it acts differently when detecting missing keywords: ```ruby C.new(a: 1) #=> 'Data#initialize': missing keyword: :b (ArgumentError) C.new('a' => 1) #=> 'Data#initialize': missing keywords: :a, :b (ArgumentError) ``` I feel it should work like this: ```ruby C.new('a' => 1) #=> 'Data#initialize': missing keyword: :b (ArgumentError) ``` I created a PR to fix it: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/15910 -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/