June 2025 - ruby-core - ml.ruby-lang.org

[ruby-core:122612] [Ruby Feature#21455] Add a block argument to Array#join
by leoarnold (Leo Arnold) 10 Jul '25

10 Jul '25

Issue #21455 has been reported by leoarnold (Leo Arnold). ---------------------------------------- Feature #21455: Add a block argument to Array#join https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21455 * Author: leoarnold (Leo Arnold) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- I sometimes come across code like this where the `Array#join` at the end can easily be overlooked or stands out like a sore thumb: ```ruby hex_string = string.bytes.map do |byte| format('%02X', byte) end.join(' ') ``` It seems idiomatic and more succinct to pass the block to `Array#join` directly: ```ruby hex_string = string.bytes.join(' ') do |byte| format('%02X', byte) end ``` -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:122552] [Ruby Feature#21442] Make tsort to bundled gems
by hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) 10 Jul '25

10 Jul '25

Issue #21442 has been reported by hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA). ---------------------------------------- Feature #21442: Make tsort to bundled gems https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21442 * Author: hsbt (Hiroshi SHIBATA) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- In last year, I gave up to make `tsort` to bundled gems because `set` depends `tsort`. https://github.com/ruby/set/blob/29a253d2259e8d6d9b313dec8418ec5ed0caab08/l… Fortunately, `set` is now core class. So, there is no library depends on `tsort` in ruby repository. I propose to make `tsort` to bundled gems at the next release(not Ruby 3.5/4.0, for 4.0(?)/4.1) -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:122411] [Ruby Bug#21396] Set#initialize should call Set#add on items passed in
by tenderlovemaking (Aaron Patterson) 09 Jul '25

09 Jul '25

Issue #21396 has been reported by tenderlovemaking (Aaron Patterson). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21396: Set#initialize should call Set#add on items passed in https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21396 * Author: tenderlovemaking (Aaron Patterson) * Status: Open * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- ```ruby class Foo < Set def add(item) = super(item.bytesize) end x = Foo.new(["foo"]) p x p x.include?(3) ``` On Ruby 3.4 the output is this: ``` > ruby -v test.rb ruby 3.4.1 (2024-12-25 revision 48d4efcb85) +PRISM [arm64-darwin24] #<Foo: {3}> true ``` On Ruby master the output is this: ``` > make run ./miniruby -I./lib -I. -I.ext/common -r./arm64-darwin24-fake ./test.rb #<Set: {"foo"}> false ``` The bug is that `initialize` is not calling `add` for the elements passed in, so the subclass doesn't get a chance to change them. I've sent a PR here: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/13518 -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:122303] [Ruby Bug#21375] Set[] does not call #initialize
by Ethan (Ethan -) 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Issue #21375 has been reported by Ethan (Ethan -). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21375: Set[] does not call #initialize https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21375 * Author: Ethan (Ethan -) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-05-26T17:42:35Z master 909a0daab6) +PRISM [x86_64-darwin22] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- I have a subclass of Set that overrides #initialize. Following #21216, .new does call #initialize but .[] does not. ```ruby class MySet < Set def initialize(enum = nil) compare_by_identity super end end MySet.new.compare_by_identity? # => true MySet[].compare_by_identity? # => false ``` -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:121621] [Ruby Feature#21262] Proposal: `Ractor::Port`
by ko1 (Koichi Sasada) 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Issue #21262 has been reported by ko1 (Koichi Sasada). ---------------------------------------- Feature #21262: Proposal: `Ractor::Port` https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21262 * Author: ko1 (Koichi Sasada) * Status: Assigned * Assignee: ko1 (Koichi Sasada) * Target version: 3.5 ---------------------------------------- # Proposal: `Ractor::Port` In concurrent Ruby applications using Ractors, safely and efficiently communicating results between Ractors is a common challenge. We propose `Ractor::Port` as a lightweight, safe, and ergonomic abstraction to simplify communication patterns, especially in request-response models. ```ruby # usage example port = Ractor::Port.new Ractor.new port do |port| port << 42 port << 43 end # Success: wait for sending port.receive #=> 42 Ractor.new port do |port| port.receive # Error: only the creator Ractor can receive from this port. end port.receive #=> 43 ``` This is a similar concept to ["Channel"](https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21121), but it is tightly coupled with the creator Ractor and no other Ractors can receive anything from that port. In that sense, it is conceptually closer to a socket file descriptor (e.g., a destination and port number pair in TCP/IP). We can implement `Port` with `Ractor.receive_if` like this: ```ruby class Ractor::Port def initialize @r = Ractor.current @tag = genid() end def send obj @r << [@tag, obj] end def receive raise unless @r == Ractor.current Ractor.receive_if do |(tag, result) if tag == @tag return result end end end end ``` With `Ractor::Port`, we can deprecate `Ractor.receive_if`, `Ractor.yield`, and `Ractor#take`. Ports act as clear, self-contained endpoints for message passing, which makes these older primitives redundant. Furthermore, Port-based communication is significantly easier to implement and reason about—especially when considering synchronization challenges around `Ractor.select` and rendezvous semantics. ## Background: Limitations of current communication patterns Let's discuss how to make server-like service ractors. ### No response server We can make server-like Ractors like this: ```ruby # EX1 def fib(n) = n > 1 : fib(n-2) + fib(n-1) : 1 # A ractor calculate fib(n) fib_srv = Ractor.new do while true param = Ractor.receive result = fib(param) end end fib_srv << 10 ``` In this case, the main Ractor requests `fib_srv` to calculate `fib(10)`. However, currently, there is no way to retrieve the result. ### Return value to the sender ractor There are several possible approaches. First, we can send the sender Ractor along with the parameter, and ask the server to send the result back to the sender. ```ruby # EX2 fib_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fib(param) sender << result end end fib_srv << [10, Ractor.current] do_some_work() Ractor.receive #=> fib(10) ``` This approach works well in simple cases. However, with EX2, handling multiple concurrent responses becomes difficult. The results are pushed into the same mailbox, and since `Ractor.receive` retrieves messages without discriminating the source, it's unclear which server returned which result. ```ruby # EX3 def fact(n) = n > 1 : fact(n-1) * n fib_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fib(param) sender << result end end fact_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fact(param) sender << result end end fib_srv << [10, Ractor.current] fib_srv << [20, Ractor.current] fact_srv << [10, Ractor.current] fact_srv << [20, Ractor.current] do_some_work() Ractor.receive #=> fib(10) or fact(10), which? # If the servers uses Ractors more (calculate them in parallel), # fib(20) and fact(20) can be returned. ``` Because `Ractor.receive` retrieves all messages indiscriminately, developers must add their own tagging logic to distinguish results. While tagging (as shown in EX4) helps, it introduces additional complexity and brittleness. ### Responses with request ID The following code returns a result with request id (a pair of the name of server and a parameter). ```ruby # EX4 fib_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fib(param) sender << [[:fib, param], result] end end fact_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fact(param) sender << [[:fact, param], result] end end do_some_work() fib_srv << [10, Ractor.current] fib_srv << [20, Ractor.current] fact_srv << [10, Ractor.current] fact_srv << [20, Ractor.current] Ractor.receive_if do |id, result| case id in [:fib, n] p "fib(#{n}) = #{result}" in [:fact, n] p "fact(#{n}) = #{result}" end end # or if you want to use specific results, like: p fib20: Ractor.receive_if{|id, result| id => [:fib, 20]; result} p fact10: Ractor.receive_if{|id, result| id => [:fact, 10]; result} p fact20: Ractor.receive_if{|id, result| id => [:fact, 20]; result} p fib10: Ractor.receive_if{|id, result| id => [:fib, 10]; result} ``` This approach closely resembles pattern matching in Erlang or Elixir, where responses are tagged and matched structurally. However, this solution still has an issue: if `do_some_work()` uses `Ractor.receive`, it may accidentally consume any message. In other words, `Ractor.receive` can only be safely used when you're certain that no other code is using it. (Another trivial issue is, different servers can return same identity, like `[:fact, num]` returned by NewsPaper server. It is confusing). ### Using channels To solve this issue, we can make a channel with different Ractors. Channels can be implemented using Ractors, as illustrated below. ```ruby # EX5 # Servers are completely same to EX3 fib_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fib(param) sender << result end end fact_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fact(param) sender << result end end # Create a new channel using a Ractor def new_channel Ractor.new do while true Ractor.yield Ractor.receive end end end fib_srv << [10, fib10_ch = new_channel] fib_srv << [20, fib20_ch = new_channel] fact_srv << [10, fact10_ch = new_channel] fact_srv << [20, fact20_ch = new_channel] do_something() p fib20: fib20_ch.take # wait for fib(20) p fact10: fact10_ch.take # wait for fact(10) p fib10: fib10_ch.take # wait for fib(10) p fact20: fact10_ch.take # wait for fact(20) # or chs = [fib10_ch, fib20_ch, fact10_ch, fact20_ch] while !chs.empty? ch, result = Ractor.select(*chs) # wait for multiple channels p ch, result chs.delete ch end ``` Channel approach solves the issue of EX4. The above implementation introduce some overhead to create channel ractors, but we can introduce special implementation to reduce this Ractor creation overhead. However, in the Actor model, the communication pattern is to send a message to a specific actor. In contrast, channels are used to send messages through a shared conduit, without caring which receiver (if any) handles the message. Also, channels can have some overhead, as discussed below. ### Summary of background Currently, when implementing request-response patterns with Ractors, developers face challenges in tracking results, managing identifiers, and avoiding message conflicts. Existing primitives like `receive_if`, `take`, or channels implemented with Ractors are either error-prone or inefficient. ## Proposal Introduce `Ractor::Port` as an alternative to channels. It is a natural extension of the Actor model. In fact, it is thin wrapper of current send/receive model as illustrated at the top of this proposal. With the `Ractor::Port`, we can rewrite above examples with it. ```ruby # EX6 # Completely same as EX3's servers fib_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fib(param) sender << result end end fact_srv = Ractor.new do while true param, sender = Ractor.receive result = fact(param) sender << result end end fib_srv << [10, fib10_port = Ractor::Port.new] fib_srv << [20, fib20_port = Ractor::Port.new] fact_srv << [10, fact10_port = Ractor::Port.new] fact_srv << [20, fact20_port = Ractor::Port.new] do_something p fib10_port.receive #=> fib(10) p fib20_port.receive #=> fib(20) p fact10_port.receive #=> fact(10) p fact20_port.receive #=> fact(20) # or ports = [fib10_port, fib20_port, fact10_port, fact20_port] while !ports.empty? port, result = Ractor.select(*ports) case port when fib10_port p fib10: result ... else raise "This should not happen (BUG)." end ports.delete(port) end ``` `Ractor::Port` resolves key pain points in message passing between Ractors: * It guarantees that incoming messages are only delivered to the intended Ractor, preventing tag collisions. * It enables message routing without relying on global receive blocks (`Ractor.receive`), which are prone to unintended consumption. * It replaces more complex primitives like `.receive_if`, `.yield`, and `#take` with a simpler, composable abstraction. * It maps cleanly to the Actor model semantics Ruby intends to support with Ractors. While the pattern looks similar to using channels, the semantics and guarantees are different in meaningful ways. The advantages of using Ports include: * Safer than channels in practice * When using a Port, if `#send` succeeds, it means the destination Ractor is still alive (i.e., it's running). * In contrast, with a channel, there's no guarantee that any Ractor is still available to receive from it. * Of course, even with a port, there's no guarantee that the destination Ractor will actually process the message — it might ignore it. * But at least you don't need to worry about the Ractor having already terminated unexpectedly. * In other words, using a port eliminates one major failure case, making the communication model more predictable. * This is one of the reasons why Ruby went with the "Actor" model (hence the name Ractor), instead of the "CSP" model. * Faster than channels in both creation and message transmission * When creating a channel, we need to prepare a container data structure. When creating a port, it is lightweight data (a pair of Ractor and newly created ID). * On the channel transmission, we need copying a data to channel and a copying to the receiving ractor. On the port, it only needs to copy from the src ractor to the dst ractor. This issue becomes more significant due to Ractor-local garbage collection and isolation of object spaces. * Easy to implement. We only need to implement `Port#receive` to synchronize with other ractors. * `#send/.receive` is easy to implement because we only need to lock the receiving ractor. * `.yield/#take` is not easy to implement because we need to lock taking and receiving ractors because it is rendezvous style synchronization. * `.select` is DIFFICULT to support current spec. Now CI doesn't stable yet. * A simpler spec reduces bugs, and maybe leads to faster implementation. Disadvantages: 1. It is not a well-known concept, especially for Go language users. 2. We need additional abstraction like producer(s)-consumer(s) concurrent applications. For (2), I want to introduce an example code. We can write a 1-producer, multiple-consumer pattern with a channel. ```ruby # channel version of 1 producer & consumers ch = new_channel RN = 10 # make 10 consumers consumers = RN.times.map do Ractor.new ch do while param = ch.receive task(param) end end end tasks.each do |task| ch << task end ``` With Port, we need to introduce a load balancing mechanism: ```ruby # Port version of 1 producer & consumers control_port = Ractor::Port.new consumers = RN.times.map do Ractor.new control_port control_port do |control_port| while true control_port << [:ready, Ractor.current] # register - ready param = Ractor.receive # it assumes task doesn't use Ractor.receive task(param) end end end tasks.each do |task| control_port.receive => [:ready, consumer] # send a task to a ready consumer consumer << task end ``` Of course we can make a library for that (like OTP on Erlang). ### Default port of Ractors Each Ractor has a default port and `Ractor#send` is equal to `Ractor.current.default_port#send`. Of course, `Ractor.receive` is equal to `Ractor.current.default_port.receive`. For the simple case, we can keep to use `Ractor#send` and `Ractor.receive` ### Deprecation of Ractor#take and Ractor.yield With the Port concept, we can focus solely on send and receive—that is, direct manipulation of a Ractor’s mailbox. Ports provide a clean and functional alternative to `Ractor#take` and `Ractor.yield`, making them unnecessary in most use cases. Moreover, Ports are significantly easier to implement, as they require only locking the receiving Ractor, while yield/take involve complex rendezvous-style synchronization. By removing these primitives, we can simplify the specification and reduce implementation complexity—especially around features like `Ractor.select`, which are notoriously hard to get right. ### `Ractor.select` with ports We should wait for multiple port simultaneously so `Ractor.select()` should accept ports. Now `Ractor.select()` can also receiving and yielding the value, but if we remove the `#take` functionality, `Ractor.select` only need to support ports. ### Wait for termination `Ractor#take` is designed from an idea of getting termination result (like `Thread#value`). For this purpose, we can introduce `Ractor#join` or `Ractor#value` like Threads or we can keep the name `Ractor#take` for this purpose. We can make `Ractor#join` as a following pseudo-code: ```ruby class Ractor def join # wait for the termination register_termination_port port = Port.new port.receive end # when this ractor terminates, send a message to the registered port def monitor port @monitor_port = port end private def atexit @monitor_port << termination_message end end # there are some questions. # * can we register multiple ports? # * should we support `#join` and `#value` like threads? # or should we support only `#join` to return the value? # * or keep this name as `#take`? Ractor.new do 42 end.join #=> 42 (or true?) ``` It is very similar to `monitor` in Erlang or Elixir. We can also make a supervisor in Erlang like that: ```ruby sv_port = Ractor::Port.new rs = N.times.map do Ractor.new do do_something() end.monitor sv_port end while termination_notice = sv_port.receive p termination_notice end # With Ractor#take, we can write similar code if there is no Ractor.yield rs = N.times.map do Ractor.new do do_something() end end while r, msg = Ractor.select(*rs) p [r, msg] end ``` ## Discussion ### `send` with tag (symbols) If we force users to send a tagged message every time, we can achieve the same effect as Port concept, because a Port can be thought of as a combination of a tag and a destination Ractor. ```ruby r = Ractor.new do loop do tag, msg = Ractor.receive # return 2 values case tag when :TAG p [tag, msg] else # ignore end end end r.send :TAG, 42 r.send :TAGE, 84 # this typo and the message is silently ignored ``` However it has two issues: * If we make a typo in tag name, the message will be silently ignored. * The tag name may conflict with unrelated codes (libraries) ### `Ractor.yield` and `Ractor#take` with channel ractor If we want to leave the `.yield` and `#take`, we can emulate them with channel ractor. ```ruby class Ractor def initialize @yield_ractor = Ractor.new do takers = [] while tag, msg = Ractor.receive case tag when :register @takers << msg when :unregister @takers.delete msg when :yield @takers.pop << msg end end end end def self.yield obj @yield_ractor << [:yield, obj] end def take @yield_ractor << [:register, port = Ractor::Port.new] port.receive ensure @yield_ractor << [:unregister, port] end end ``` ### Opening and closing the port This proposal doesn't contain opening and closing the port, but we can discuss about it. To introduce this attribute, we need to manage which ports (tags) are opening. ## Implementation Now the native implementation is not finished, but we can implement it using the `Ractor.receive_if` mechanism, so we estimate that only a few weeks of work are needed to complete it. ## Summary This proposal introduces the following features and deprecations. * `Ractor::Port` * `Port#send(msg)` – sends a message to the creator of the port. * `Port#receive` – receives a message from the port. * A port is a lightweight data structure (a pair of a Ractor and a tag). * `Ractor#join` or `Ractor#value` – to wait for Ractor termination (like `Thread#join`) * `Ractor#monitor` – to observe when another Ractor terminates * Deprecations: * `Ractor#take` * `Ractor.yield` * `Ractor.receive_if` Thank you for reading this long proposal. If you have any use cases that cannot be addressed with `Ractor::Port`, I'd love to hear them. P.S. Thanks to mame for reviewing this proposal and suggesting that I use ChatGPT to improve the writing. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:122238] [Ruby Bug#21362] Namespace: Inline method caches poisoned with builtins
by jhawthorn (John Hawthorn) 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Issue #21362 has been reported by jhawthorn (John Hawthorn). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21362: Namespace: Inline method caches poisoned with builtins https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21362 * Author: jhawthorn (John Hawthorn) * Status: Open * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- ``` ruby File.write("/tmp/ntest.rb", <<~'RUBY') class Integer def succ = self + 2 end module Test def self.run = 10.times.to_a end RUBY module Test def self.run = 10.times.to_a end ns = Namespace.new ns.require("/tmp/ntest.rb") p namespaced: ns::Test.run p main: Test.run ``` ``` RUBY_NAMESPACE=1 ruby test_namespace_succ.rb ruby: warning: Namespace is experimental, and the behavior may change in the future! See doc/namespace.md for known issues, etc. {namespaced: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]} {main: [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]} ``` What's happening here is that we have a number of "builtin" Ruby files which are loaded during the VM boot. The instruction sequences and method definitions from these files end up as part of the "root" namespace. However this iseq can still include inline caches, and in this example we see the cache poisoned by being run in a namespace with succ redefined. I was surprised by this, I expected it to call using the "root" namespace. It's definitely a strange edge-case to redefine `succ`, but the namespace semantics here are important because how this is defined impacts how useful builtins can be: - If builtins inherit their namespace from the caller, then they cannot use inline caches (or inline caches must always check for namespace validity) and also cannot be JIT compiled (unless the JIT also checks for namespace validity, and given the complexity of rb_current_namespace, it would be very undesirable). This is very bad as converting C code to builtin Ruby has been important for getting better performance. - If builtins make calls using the "root" namespace, inline caching and the JIT should work (actually there may be advantages to both since the namespace is mostly immutable). However this will limit what we are able to move from C to Ruby, as it wouldn't be possible to have the same semantics as C methods (where the caller's namespace is used). -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:117392] [Ruby master Feature#20405] Inline comments
by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) 08 Jul '25

08 Jul '25

Issue #20405 has been reported by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada). ---------------------------------------- Feature #20405: Inline comments https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/20405 * Author: nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- I propose a new inline comment syntax. ```ruby p (| This is a comment (| and nested one |) /:|) (:|) #=> :| ``` -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:115203] [Ruby master Bug#19981] bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb: Segmentation fault on arm32
by jaruga (Jun Aruga) 02 Jul '25

02 Jul '25

Issue #19981 has been reported by jaruga (Jun Aruga). ---------------------------------------- Bug #19981: bootstraptest/test_ractor.rb: Segmentation fault on arm32 https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19981 * Author: jaruga (Jun Aruga) * Status: Open * Priority: Normal * Backport: 3.0: UNKNOWN, 3.1: UNKNOWN, 3.2: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- I faced the following segmentation fault on Ubuntu jammy arm32 (emulated environment by `SETARCH='setarch linux32 --verbose --32bit'`) in both Travis CI arm64 [log](https://app.travis-ci.com/github/ruby/ruby/jobs/612418476#L2422 ) and RubyCI arm64-neoverse server. I tested it on the latest ruby master branch `14fa5e39d72c84d3e12e10dc5d77a6e6200c10f5`. I was able to reproduce this issue on RubyCI arm64-neoverse server, and prepared the reproducing script. So, you can try to debug on the server. It seems that the `-O3` flag triggered the issue. Because I didn't see the issue when Travis CI setting `- optflags=-O1` in `.travis.yml` on the current master branch. https://github.com/junaruga/report-ruby-ractor-segmentation-fault ``` + arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc --version arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0 + setarch linux32 --verbose --32bit make -s test Switching on ADDR_LIMIT_32BIT. Execute command `make'. Fstderr output is not empty <internal:ractor>:760: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000c ruby 3.3.0dev (2023-10-30T09:27:06Z master 14fa5e39d7) [armv8l-linux-eabihf] -- Control frame information ----------------------------------------------- c:0005 p:0003 s:0021 e:000020 METHOD <internal:ractor>:760 c:0004 p:0008 s:0014 e:000013 BLOCK bootstraptest.test_ractor.rb_541_1260.rb:4 c:0003 p:0018 s:0011 e:000010 METHOD <internal:kernel>:187 c:0002 p:0004 s:0006 e:000005 BLOCK bootstraptest.test_ractor.rb_541_1260.rb:3 [FINISH] c:0001 p:---- s:0003 e:000002 DUMMY [FINISH] -- Ruby level backtrace information ---------------------------------------- bootstraptest.test_ractor.rb_541_1260.rb:3:in `block in <main>' <internal:kernel>:187:in `loop' bootstraptest.test_ractor.rb_541_1260.rb:4:in `block (2 levels) in <main>' <internal:ractor>:760:in `yield' -- Threading information --------------------------------------------------- Total ractor count: 2 Ruby thread count for this ractor: 1 -- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------ r0: 0x00000000 r1: 0x00000001 r2: 0x00000007 r3: 0x00000000 r4: 0x00c935c8 r5: 0x00000002 r6: 0x00000002 r7: 0x00000000 r8: 0x00000004 r9: 0x00c646b0 r10: 0x00000002 sp: 0xd5d91c90 fau: 0x0000000c -- Other runtime information ----------------------------------------------- * Loaded script: bootstraptest.test_ractor.rb_541_1260.rb * Loaded features: 0 enumerator.so 1 thread.rb 2 fiber.so 3 rational.so 4 complex.so 5 ruby2_keywords.rb 6 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/encdb.so 7 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/trans/transdb.so * Process memory map: 00640000-0093a000 r-xp 00000000 103:03 29263803 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/ruby 0094a000-0094e000 r--p 002fa000 103:03 29263803 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/ruby 0094e000-0094f000 rw-p 002fe000 103:03 29263803 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/ruby 0094f000-00956000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 00bf3000-00cba000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap] d5700000-d5721000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5721000-d5800000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5900000-d5921000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5921000-d5a00000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5a00000-d5a21000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5a21000-d5b00000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5b00000-d5b21000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5b21000-d5c00000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5c5f000-d5c60000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5c60000-d5c90000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5c9f000-d5ca0000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5ca0000-d5cd0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5cde000-d5cdf000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5cdf000-d5cef000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5cef000-d5cf0000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5cf0000-d5d81000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5d81000-d5d82000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5d82000-d5e12000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5e12000-d5e13000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5e13000-d5ea3000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5ea3000-d5ea4000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5ea4000-d5f34000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5f34000-d5f35000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5f35000-d5fc5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d5fc5000-d5fc6000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d5fc6000-d6056000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d6056000-d6057000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d6057000-d60e7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d60e7000-d60e8000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d60e8000-d6178000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d6178000-d6179000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d6179000-d6209000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d6209000-d620a000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d620a000-d629a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d629a000-d629b000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d629b000-d632b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 d632b000-d632c000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 d632c000-f5d10000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5d10000-f5d12000 r-xp 00000000 103:03 29263555 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/trans/transdb.so f5d12000-f5d21000 ---p 00002000 103:03 29263555 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/trans/transdb.so f5d21000-f5d22000 r--p 00001000 103:03 29263555 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/trans/transdb.so f5d22000-f5d23000 rw-p 00002000 103:03 29263555 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/trans/transdb.so f5d30000-f5d32000 r-xp 00000000 103:03 29263548 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/encdb.so f5d32000-f5d41000 ---p 00002000 103:03 29263548 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/encdb.so f5d41000-f5d42000 r--p 00001000 103:03 29263548 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/encdb.so f5d42000-f5d43000 rw-p 00002000 103:03 29263548 /home/jaruga/git/ruby/ruby/build/.ext/armv8l-linux-eabihf/enc/encdb.so f5d4f000-f5d50000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5d50000-f5d71000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5d71000-f5d72000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5d72000-f5d93000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5d93000-f5d94000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5d94000-f5db5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5db5000-f5db6000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5db6000-f5dd7000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5dd7000-f5dd8000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5dd8000-f5df9000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5df9000-f5dfa000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5dfa000-f5e1b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5e1b000-f5e1c000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5e1c000-f5e3d000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5e3d000-f5e3e000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5e3e000-f5e5f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f5e5f000-f5e60000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 f5e60000-f66a0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f66af000-f73b0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f73b5000-f7436000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f7436000-f76b0000 r--p 0006f000 103:03 11802136 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive f76b0000-f78b0000 r--p 00000000 103:03 11802136 /usr/lib/locale/locale-archive f78b0000-f79bc000 r-xp 00000000 103:03 11670018 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 f79bc000-f79cc000 ---p 0010c000 103:03 11670018 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 f79cc000-f79ce000 r--p 0010c000 103:03 11670018 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 f79ce000-f79cf000 rw-p 0010e000 103:03 11670018 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libc.so.6 f79cf000-f79d9000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f79e0000-f7a21000 r-xp 00000000 103:03 11670021 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6 f7a21000-f7a30000 ---p 00041000 103:03 11670021 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6 f7a30000-f7a31000 r--p 00040000 103:03 11670021 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6 f7a31000-f7a32000 rw-p 00041000 103:03 11670021 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libm.so.6 f7a40000-f7a6b000 r-xp 00000000 103:03 11670013 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcrypt.so.1.1.0 f7a6b000-f7a7b000 ---p 0002b000 103:03 11670013 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcrypt.so.1.1.0 f7a7b000-f7a7c000 r--p 0002b000 103:03 11670013 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcrypt.so.1.1.0 f7a7c000-f7a7d000 rw-p 0002c000 103:03 11670013 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libcrypt.so.1.1.0 f7a7d000-f7a85000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f7a88000-f7aa7000 r-xp 00000000 103:03 11670015 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 f7aac000-f7ab3000 r--s 00000000 103:03 11670285 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/gconv/gconv-modules.cache f7ab3000-f7ab5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 f7ab5000-f7ab6000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [sigpage] f7ab6000-f7ab8000 r--p 0001e000 103:03 11670015 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 f7ab8000-f7ab9000 rw-p 00020000 103:03 11670015 /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/ld-linux-armhf.so.3 ff7dd000-fffdc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] ffff0000-ffff1000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vectors] ``` -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:120601] [Ruby master Bug#21024] Ruby including <cstdbool> generates compilation warning with GCC 15, header is deprecated in C++17,
by jprokop (Jarek Prokop) 02 Jul '25

02 Jul '25

Issue #21024 has been reported by jprokop (Jarek Prokop). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21024: Ruby including <cstdbool> generates compilation warning with GCC 15, header is deprecated in C++17, https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21024 * Author: jprokop (Jarek Prokop) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 3.4.1 (2024-12-25 revision 48d4efcb85) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.1: UNKNOWN, 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- C++ compiler in GCC 15 now generates a warning when trying to include `<cstdbool>`. This file is being included when compiling with C++ compiler from `include/ruby/internal/stdbool.h`. In C++, true, false and bool are keywords so including headers for boolean definitions should not be necessary. Alternatively, just including <stdbool.h> should be sufficient as that is what the `#include <cstdbool>` results in with GCC. Simplest fix is just deleting the lines that are including the file (see attached patch and comments 2 and 3 from downstream issue linked in the bottom section "Additional info"). Considering the wide array of compilers Ruby aims to support to be compiled with I wanted to make an issue here first to make sure there isn't a supported compiler that wouldn't agree with this approach. Reproduction: Obtain GCC 15, for Fedora Rawhide there is currently a repo of maintainer, I use it in Fedora Rawhide container (podman is replaceable for docker here): ``` host$ podman run -it --rm registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:rawhide bash container# echo "[gcc_15] name=pre-release GCC 15 Repo baseurl=https://fedorapeople.org/~dmalcolm/gcc/gcc-15-mass-prebuild/$basear… type=rpm-md skip_if_unavailable=True gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 enabled_metadata=1" > /etc/yum.repos.d/gcc_15.repo container# dnf install --assumeyes g++ ruby-devel ``` ^ should install `g++-15.0.0` and `ruby.h` needed for the reproducer. Note: that baseurl is a custom space of a Fedora maintainer. Have a file named for example `main.cpp`: ``` cpp #include <ruby.h> int main(void) { return 0; } ``` Compile with GCC 15 ``` $ g++ main.cpp ``` Current behavior: Compiling throws warning: ``` $ g++ main.cpp In file included from /usr/include/ruby/internal/stdbool.h:30, from /usr/include/ruby/backward/2/bool.h:22, from /usr/include/ruby/defines.h:74, from /usr/include/ruby/ruby.h:25, from /usr/include/ruby.h:38, from reproducer.cpp:1: /usr/include/c++/15/cstdbool:48:6: warning: #warning "<cstdbool> is deprecated in C++17, remove the #include" [-Wcpp] 48 | # warning "<cstdbool> is deprecated in C++17, remove the #include" | ^~~~~~~ ``` Expected: Compilation throws no warnings and compiles the executable: ``` $ g++ reproducer.cpp $ echo $? 0 ``` Additional info: ``` $ g++ --version g++ (GCC) 15.0.0 20241203 (Red Hat 15.0.0-0) Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ``` This was met during recompilation of libdnf5 that includes `-Werror` in their compilation flags, See downstream discussion: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2336567 Considering the inclusion of the <cstdbool> throws me up to 5 years ago back ( https://github.com/ruby/ruby/blob/9e6e39c3512f7a962c44dc3729c98a0f8be90341/… ), I assume this warning will be the case with older rubies as well as newest master when using GCC 15. ---Files-------------------------------- 0001-Stop-including-cstdbool-in-include-ruby-internal-std.patch (869 Bytes) -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:122625] [Ruby Bug#21461] Heap-buffer-overflow in Prism when encoding magic comment is invalid and assignment is incomplete
by bendrissou (Bachir Bendrissou) 01 Jul '25

01 Jul '25

Issue #21461 has been reported by bendrissou (Bachir Bendrissou). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21461: Heap-buffer-overflow in Prism when encoding magic comment is invalid and assignment is incomplete https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21461 * Author: bendrissou (Bachir Bendrissou) * Status: Open * ruby -v: 3.5.0 * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- ### Description An AddressSanitizer (ASan) heap-buffer-overflow occurs in Ruby when: 1. The file contains an invalid magic encoding comment, and 2. A line with incomplete assignment (e.g. missing right-hand side). This leads to a crash in pm_parse_errors_format_sort, caused by prism_compile.c accessing a freed or uninitialized memory region. ### Input ``` # -*- coding: abc -*- $a = ``` ### Expected output ``` unknown or invalid encoding in the magic comment (ArgumentError) ``` ### ASAN output ``` ================================================================= ==719525==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x60300002af88 at pc 0x559137d4f16a bp 0x7ffd85551fe0 sp 0x7ffd85551fd0 WRITE of size 8 at 0x60300002af88 thread T0 #0 0x559137d4f169 in pm_parse_errors_format_sort ../prism_compile.c:10620 #1 0x559137d4f169 in pm_parse_errors_format ../prism_compile.c:10687 #2 0x559137e08753 in pm_parse_process_error ../prism_compile.c:10999 #3 0x559137e08753 in pm_parse_process ../prism_compile.c:11105 #4 0x559137e7811d in pm_parse_file ../prism_compile.c:11391 #5 0x559137960743 in prism_script ../ruby.c:2236 #6 0x559137960743 in process_options ../ruby.c:2563 #7 0x55913796228f in ruby_process_options ../ruby.c:3199 #8 0x5591376a2406 in ruby_options ../eval.c:117 #9 0x5591376937fe in rb_main ../main.c:42 #10 0x5591376937fe in main ../main.c:62 #11 0x7f69beed2082 in __libc_start_main (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6+0x24082) #12 0x559137694dcd in _start (/home/program/build/ruby+0x15cdcd) 0x60300002af88 is located 0 bytes to the right of 24-byte region [0x60300002af70,0x60300002af88) allocated by thread T0 here: #0 0x7f69bf427a06 in __interceptor_calloc ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cc:153 #1 0x5591377119bd in calloc1 ../gc/default/default.c:1490 #2 0x5591377119bd in rb_gc_impl_calloc ../gc/default/default.c:8162 #3 0x5591377119bd in ruby_xcalloc_body ../gc.c:5327 SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow ../prism_compile.c:10620 in pm_parse_errors_format_sort Shadow bytes around the buggy address: 0x0c067fffd5a0: 00 00 00 00 fa fa 00 00 00 fa fa fa 00 00 00 fa 0x0c067fffd5b0: fa fa fd fd fd fa fa fa 00 00 00 fa fa fa 00 00 0x0c067fffd5c0: 00 fa fa fa 00 00 00 fa fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa 0x0c067fffd5d0: 00 00 00 00 fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa fd fd fd fd 0x0c067fffd5e0: fa fa 00 00 00 fa fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa 00 00 =>0x0c067fffd5f0: 00[fa]fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c067fffd600: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c067fffd610: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c067fffd620: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c067fffd630: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa 0x0c067fffd640: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes): Addressable: 00 Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Heap left redzone: fa Freed heap region: fd Stack left redzone: f1 Stack mid redzone: f2 Stack right redzone: f3 Stack after return: f5 Stack use after scope: f8 Global redzone: f9 Global init order: f6 Poisoned by user: f7 Container overflow: fc Array cookie: ac Intra object redzone: bb ASan internal: fe Left alloca redzone: ca Right alloca redzone: cb Shadow gap: cc ==719525==ABORTING input.rb: [BUG] ASAN error ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-06-11T18:07:43Z master 970813d982) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] -- Control frame information ----------------------------------------------- c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:000720 DUMMY [FINISH] -- Threading information --------------------------------------------------- Total ractor count: 1 Ruby thread count for this ractor: 1 -- C level backtrace information ------------------------------------------- /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.5(__interceptor_backtrace+0x40) [0x7f69bf386d40] ../../../../src/libsanitizer/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_common_interceptors.inc:4022 /home/program/build/ruby(rb_print_backtrace+0x11) [0x559137fceda9] ../vm_dump.c:843 /home/program/build/ruby(rb_vm_bugreport) ../vm_dump.c:1175 /home/program/build/ruby(rb_bug_without_die_internal+0xc3) [0x559137efa4b6] ../error.c:1097 /home/program/build/ruby(rb_bug_without_die) ../error.c:1106 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.5(0x7f69bf44fe58) [0x7f69bf44fe58] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.5(0x7f69bf43152c) [0x7f69bf43152c] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.5(0x7f69bf430fa3) [0x7f69bf430fa3] /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so.5(0x7f69bf43238e) [0x7f69bf43238e] /home/program/build/ruby(pm_parse_errors_format_sort+0x12) [0x559137d4f16a] ../prism_compile.c:10620 /home/program/build/ruby(pm_parse_errors_format) ../prism_compile.c:10687 /home/program/build/ruby(pm_parse_process_error+0x84) [0x559137e08754] ../prism_compile.c:10999 /home/program/build/ruby(pm_parse_process) ../prism_compile.c:11105 /home/program/build/ruby(rbimpl_intern_const+0x0) [0x559137e7811e] ../prism_compile.c:11391 /home/program/build/ruby(pm_parse_file) ../prism_compile.c:11396 /home/program/build/ruby(prism_script+0xa4) [0x559137960744] ../ruby.c:2236 /home/program/build/ruby(process_options) ../ruby.c:2563 /home/program/build/ruby(ruby_process_options+0x3f0) [0x559137962290] ../ruby.c:3199 /home/program/build/ruby(ruby_options+0x2a7) [0x5591376a2407] ../eval.c:117 /home/program/build/ruby(rb_main+0x19) [0x5591376937ff] ../main.c:42 /home/program/build/ruby(main) ../main.c:62 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf3) [0x7f69beed2083] /home/program/build/ruby(_start) [0x559137694dce] -- Other runtime information ----------------------------------------------- * Loaded script: input.rb * Loaded features: 0 enumerator.so 1 thread.rb 2 fiber.so 3 rational.so 4 complex.so 5 ruby2_keywords.rb 6 set.rb ``` ### Environment Ruby version: ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-06-11 commit 970813d982) +PRISM Platform: x86_64-linux Built from source Parser backend: Prism (default) -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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