June 2026 - ruby-core - ml.ruby-lang.org

[ruby-core:125653] [Ruby Bug#22098] Reconsider whether THREAD_EVENT_RESUMED runs with GVL held
by luke-gru (Luke Gruber) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #22098 has been reported by luke-gru (Luke Gruber). ---------------------------------------- Bug #22098: Reconsider whether THREAD_EVENT_RESUMED runs with GVL held https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/22098 * Author: luke-gru (Luke Gruber) * Status: Open * Assignee: luke-gru (Luke Gruber) * Backport: 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- Today, it's possible to get a deadlock when allocating during a hook for this event. I attached a reproduction script using the `gvltools` gem. One way to fix it would be to not allocate during this hook and change the documentation to be clear that the GVL is not held. Any gems relying on this behavior, like `gvltools`, would need to be patched. Another way to approach it would be to change the call site for this hook invocation. I believe it would need to be added to quite a few places. To maintain Ractor safety, it would also need to be invoked without any locks held. I'm curious about your thoughts @byroot. ---Files-------------------------------- repro.rb (3.11 KB) run_loop.sh (2.82 KB) -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

4 10

[ruby-core:125650] [Ruby Feature#22097] Add Proc#with_refinements
by shugo (Shugo Maeda) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #22097 has been reported by shugo (Shugo Maeda). ---------------------------------------- Feature #22097: Add Proc#with_refinements https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/22097 * Author: shugo (Shugo Maeda) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- ## Abstract I propose `Proc#with_refinements` to support block-level refinements. ```ruby module StringExt refine String do def shout = upcase + "!" end end original = ->(s) { s.shout } refined = original.with_refinements(StringExt) p refined.call("hello") # "HELLO!" p original.call("hello") # NoMethodError ``` ## Background and Motivation I previously proposed `Proc#using` in [Feature #16461], but it introduced semantic complexities because it mutated existing blocks. Instead of mutating the existing block, `Proc#with_refinements` returns a new `Proc` object with its own isolated call sites. This approach makes its semantics much simpler than `Proc#using`, and it avoids thread-safety issues and plays nicely with inline caches. ## Limitation Similar to `Proc#binding`, `Proc#with_refinements` raises ArgumentError if the receiver is not created from a Ruby block. ```ruby :to_s.to_proc.with_refinements(StringExt) #=> ArgumentError ``` ## Implementation I've opened a pull request: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/17248 A PoC for JRuby is also available at: https://github.com/shugo/jruby/pull/2 ### Data structure changes * Added a bit field `has_refinements` to `rb_proc_t`. * Added a hidden instance variable to `Proc` to store a `cref` with the applied refinements. * Added a single-entry cache `refinement_memo` to `rb_iseq_constant_body`. ### Deep copy of iseq and caching `Proc#with_refinements` performs a deep copy of the receiver's `iseq` to isolate its call sites from the original `Proc`. While a deep copy can be an expensive operation, the single-entry cache in `rb_iseq_constant_body` mitigates this overhead effectively for most practical use cases where the same refinements are applied repeatedly. ### Overhead for code not using Proc#with_refinements * Memory footprint: Neither internal structure grows in size. `has_refinements` is a 1-bit field added to rb_proc_t's existing bit field, and `refinement_memo` shares a union with `mandatory_only_iseq` in rb_iseq_constant_body. * Execution speed: The common `Proc#call` path is kept frameless and only adds a single `has_refinements` bit check. * GC: The mark/free/memsize functions add a single branch per `iseq` to select the union member. Benchmark results: https://gist.github.com/shugo/ddfe92f28ea31e6527a2f270e6daee7c Here's an excerpt from the results, where `compare-ruby` is master and `built-ruby` is the branch for this feature (focusing on Proc/Block operations): | |compare-ruby|built-ruby| |:------------------------------------|-----------:|---------:| |vm_proc | 47.215M| 46.149M| | | 1.02x| -| |vm_yield | 1.649| 1.754| | | -| 1.06x| -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

3 4

[ruby-core:125704] [Ruby Bug#22104] Segfault in PRISM compiler while Bootsnap compiles aws-sdk client_api.rb
by Morred (Laura Eck) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #22104 has been reported by Morred (Laura Eck). ---------------------------------------- Bug #22104: Segfault in PRISM compiler while Bootsnap compiles aws-sdk client_api.rb https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/22104 * Author: Morred (Laura Eck) * Status: Open * ruby -v: 4.0.4 * Backport: 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- I'm seeing intermittent segmentation faults on aarch64-linux when Ruby compiles large auto-generated AWS SDK files, triggered through Bootsnap's ISeq compile cache. Observed while compiling: aws-sdk-dynamodb-*/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client_api.rb aws-sdk-rds-*/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client_api.rb **Environment:** ruby 4.0.4 (2026-05-12 revision b89eb1bcbf) +YJIT +PRISM [aarch64-linux] I'm attaching two full backtraces including C level backtrace information: **Backtrace 1:** ``` /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client_api.rb: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000aaab1cc9e000 ruby 4.0.4 (2026-05-12 revision b89eb1bcbf) +YJIT +PRISM [aarch64-linux] -- Control frame information ----------------------------------------------- c:0073 p:---- s:0441 e:000440 l:y b:---- DUMMY [FINISH] c:0072 p:---- s:0438 e:000437 l:y b:---- CFUNC :compile_file c:0071 p:0009 s:0432 e:000431 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:77 [FINISH] c:0070 p:---- s:0426 e:000425 l:y b:---- CFUNC :fetch c:0069 p:0106 s:0417 e:000416 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:135 c:0068 p:0008 s:0409 e:000408 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:166 [FINISH] c:0067 p:---- s:0403 e:000402 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0066 p:0033 s:0398 e:000397 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0065 p:0145 s:0392 e:000391 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0064 p:0057 s:0383 e:000382 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34 [FINISH] c:0063 p:0014 s:0375 e:000373 l:y b:0001 CLASS /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client.rb:61 c:0062 p:0008 s:0371 e:000370 l:y b:0001 CLASS /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client.rb:55 c:0061 p:0193 s:0368 e:000367 l:y b:0001 TOP /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client.rb:42 [FINISH] c:0060 p:---- s:0365 e:000364 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0059 p:0033 s:0360 e:000359 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0058 p:0145 s:0354 e:000353 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0057 p:0057 s:0345 e:000344 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34 [FINISH] c:0056 p:0007 s:0337 e:000336 l:y b:0001 CLASS /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations/client.rb:5 c:0055 p:0007 s:0334 e:000333 l:y b:0001 CLASS /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations/client.rb:4 c:0054 p:0007 s:0331 e:000330 l:y b:0001 TOP /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations/client.rb:3 [FINISH] c:0053 p:---- s:0328 e:000327 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0052 p:0033 s:0323 e:000322 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0051 p:0145 s:0317 e:000316 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0050 p:0057 s:0308 e:000307 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34 c:0049 p:0011 s:0300 e:000299 l:y b:0001 TOP /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations.rb:4 [FINISH] c:0048 p:---- s:0297 e:000296 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require_relative c:0047 p:0032 s:0292 e:000291 l:y b:0001 TOP /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb.rb:63 [FINISH] c:0046 p:---- s:0289 e:000288 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0045 p:0033 s:0284 e:000283 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0044 p:0145 s:0278 e:000277 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0043 p:0057 s:0269 e:000268 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34 c:0042 p:0005 s:0261 e:000260 l:y b:0001 TOP /jeancaisse/packs/utils/app/lib/aws/dynamo_d_b.rb:3 [FINISH] c:0041 p:---- s:0258 e:000257 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0040 p:0033 s:0253 e:000252 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0039 p:0145 s:0247 e:000246 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0038 p:0026 s:0238 e:000237 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:26 [FINISH] c:0037 p:---- s:0230 e:000229 l:y b:---- CFUNC :const_get c:0036 p:0010 s:0224 e:000223 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:62 c:0035 p:0039 s:0220 e:000219 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:175 c:0034 p:0063 s:0212 e:000211 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:51 [FINISH] c:0033 p:0027 s:0206 e:000205 l:y b:0001 METHOD <internal:array>:228 c:0032 p:0020 s:0200 e:000199 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:40 c:0031 p:0048 s:0191 e:000190 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:170 c:0030 p:0010 s:0180 e:000179 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:18 [FINISH] c:0029 p:---- s:0175 e:000174 l:y b:---- CFUNC :each c:0028 p:0032 s:0171 e:000170 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:17 [FINISH] c:0027 p:0018 s:0168 e:000167 l:y b:0001 METHOD <internal:thread_sync>:130 c:0026 p:0006 s:0164 e:000163 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:11 c:0025 p:0005 s:0158 e:000157 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/autoloaders.rb:32 c:0024 p:0009 s:0154 e:000153 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/application.rb:556 c:0023 p:0085 s:0150 e:000149 l:y b:0001 METHOD /jeancaisse/spec/account_copy_e2e_tests.rb:91 c:0022 p:0019 s:0137 e:000136 l:n b:---- BLOCK /jeancaisse/spec/account_copy_e2e_tests.rb:128 c:0021 p:0006 s:0134 e:000133 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-mocks-3.13.8/lib/rspec/mocks.rb:96 c:0020 p:0043 s:0129 E:002088 l:y b:0001 TOP /jeancaisse/spec/account_copy_e2e_tests.rb:127 [FINISH] c:0019 p:---- s:0125 e:000124 l:y b:---- CFUNC :load c:0018 p:0006 s:0120 e:000119 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:44 c:0017 p:0015 s:0117 e:000116 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/activesupport-8.1.3/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb:91 c:0016 p:0019 s:0109 e:000108 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:70 c:0015 p:0090 s:0102 e:000101 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:43 c:0014 p:0054 s:0093 e:000092 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/thor-1.5.0/lib/thor/command.rb:28 c:0013 p:0040 s:0085 e:000084 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/thor-1.5.0/lib/thor/invocation.rb:127 c:0012 p:0032 s:0078 e:000077 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command/base.rb:176 c:0011 p:0246 s:0071 e:000070 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/thor-1.5.0/lib/thor.rb:538 c:0010 p:0049 s:0058 e:000057 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command/base.rb:71 c:0009 p:0024 s:0051 e:000050 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:65 c:0008 p:0015 s:0048 e:000047 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:143 c:0007 p:0048 s:0042 e:000041 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:63 c:0006 p:0038 s:0031 e:000030 l:y b:0001 TOP /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18 [FINISH] c:0005 p:---- s:0026 e:000025 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0004 p:0033 s:0021 e:000020 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0003 p:0145 s:0015 e:000014 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0002 p:0024 s:0006 e:000005 l:n b:---- EVAL bin/rails:6 [FINISH] c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:0019e0 l:y b:---- DUMMY [FINISH] -- Ruby level backtrace information ---------------------------------------- bin/rails:6:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:63:in 'invoke' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:143:in 'with_argv' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command.rb:65:in 'block in invoke' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command/base.rb:71:in 'perform' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/thor-1.5.0/lib/thor.rb:538:in 'dispatch' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/command/base.rb:176:in 'invoke_command' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/thor-1.5.0/lib/thor/invocation.rb:127:in 'invoke_command' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/thor-1.5.0/lib/thor/command.rb:28:in 'run' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:43:in 'perform' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:70:in 'conditional_executor' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/activesupport-8.1.3/lib/active_support/execution_wrapper.rb:91:in 'wrap' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:44:in 'block in perform' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:44:in 'load' /jeancaisse/spec/account_copy_e2e_tests.rb:127:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-mocks-3.13.8/lib/rspec/mocks.rb:96:in 'with_temporary_scope' /jeancaisse/spec/account_copy_e2e_tests.rb:128:in 'block in <main>' /jeancaisse/spec/account_copy_e2e_tests.rb:91:in 'run' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/application.rb:556:in 'eager_load!' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/autoloaders.rb:32:in 'each' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:11:in 'eager_load' <internal:thread_sync>:130:in 'synchronize' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:17:in 'block in eager_load' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:17:in 'each' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:18:in 'block (2 levels) in eager_load' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:170:in 'actual_eager_load_dir' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:40:in 'ls' <internal:array>:228:in 'each' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:51:in 'block in ls' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:175:in 'block in actual_eager_load_dir' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:62:in 'get' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:62:in 'const_get' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:26:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /jeancaisse/packs/utils/app/lib/aws/dynamo_d_b.rb:3:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb.rb:63:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb.rb:63:in 'require_relative' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations.rb:4:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations/client.rb:3:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations/client.rb:4:in '<module:Aws>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/customizations/client.rb:5:in '<module:DynamoDB>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client.rb:42:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client.rb:55:in '<module:DynamoDB>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-dynamodb-1.165.0/lib/aws-sdk-dynamodb/client.rb:61:in '<class:Client>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:166:in 'load_iseq' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:135:in 'fetch' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:135:in 'fetch' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:77:in 'input_to_storage' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.4/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:77:in 'compile_file' -- Threading information --------------------------------------------------- Total ractor count: 1 Ruby thread count for this ractor: 3 -- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------ x0: 0x0415f704e8c1b50c x1: 0x30e2222405b75990 x2: 0x4cf5ad432745937f x3: 0x87c37b91114253d5 x4: 0x0000ffffa33963b0 x5: 0x0000000000000000 x6: 0x0000aaaaef82a400 x7: 0x0000aaab1c626b50 x18: 0x0000aaaaef82a778 x19: 0x0000aaab1cc9dff8 x20: 0x0000aaabffa64400 x21: 0x0000ffffde70e050 x22: 0x0000aaaaef830c20 x23: 0x0000ffffa33d5000 x24: 0x0000ffffa2ed3020 x25: 0x0000ffffde70e050 x26: 0x0000aaab1c67d480 x27: 0x0000000000000049 x28: 0x0000000000000001 x29: 0x0000ffffde70dfa0 sp: 0x0000ffffde70dfa0 fau: 0x0000aaab1cc9e000 -- C level backtrace information ------------------------------------------- /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(fprintf+0x0) [0xffffa2f123f4] /usr/src/ruby/vm_dump.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_vm_bugreport) /usr/src/ruby/vm_dump.c:1453 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_bug_for_fatal_signal+0xd4) [0xffffa2cddc04] /usr/src/ruby/error.c:1131 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(sigsegv+0x58) [0xffffa2e48328] /usr/src/ruby/signal.c:948 linux-vdso.so.1(__kernel_rt_sigreturn+0x0) [0xffffa3424838] /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(vm_ci_hash+0x50) [0xffffa2ed3800] /usr/src/ruby/vm_method.c:632 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(normalize_hash_value+0x0) [0xffffa2e546a0] /usr/src/ruby/st.c:331 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(do_hash) /usr/src/ruby/st.c:332 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_st_update) /usr/src/ruby/st.c:1472 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_vm_ci_lookup+0xac) [0xffffa2edd038] /usr/src/ruby/vm_method.c:712 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(vm_ci_new_+0x4) [0xffffa2c4c208] /usr/src/ruby/vm_callinfo.h:219 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(new_callinfo) /usr/src/ruby/compile.c:1486 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(new_insn_send+0xfc) [0xffffa2c4e848] /usr/src/ruby/compile.c:1495 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(ADD_ELEM+0x0) [0xffffa2c959d0] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:3789 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_call) /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:3789 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1218) [0xffffa2c83598] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:8790 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_constant_write_node+0x12c) [0xffffa2c91bcc] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:5809 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x54c) [0xffffa2c828cc] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:9055 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x3698) [0xffffa2c85a18] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10324 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_scope_node+0x1b0c) [0xffffa2c9c974] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:7044 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1a00) [0xffffa2c83d80] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10197 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_compile_node+0x60) [0xffffa2c9e240] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10508 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try+0x1c) [0xffffa2d576fc] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_protect+0xb8) [0xffffa2ce9d58] /usr/src/ruby/eval.c:1127 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt+0x150) [0xffffa2d50138] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1158 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_new_child_iseq+0xb8) [0xffffa2c4a440] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:1276 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x328c) [0xffffa2c8560c] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:9869 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x36c8) [0xffffa2c85a48] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10326 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_scope_node+0x1b0c) [0xffffa2c9c974] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:7044 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1a00) [0xffffa2c83d80] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10197 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_compile_node+0x60) [0xffffa2c9e240] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10508 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try+0x1c) [0xffffa2d576fc] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_protect+0xb8) [0xffffa2ce9d58] /usr/src/ruby/eval.c:1127 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt+0x150) [0xffffa2d50138] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1158 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_new_child_iseq+0xb8) [0xffffa2c4a440] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:1276 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x328c) [0xffffa2c8560c] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:9869 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x36c8) [0xffffa2c85a48] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10326 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_scope_node+0x1b0c) [0xffffa2c9c974] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:7044 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1a00) [0xffffa2c83d80] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10197 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(APPEND_LIST+0x0) [0xffffa2c9e2b4] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10498 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_compile_node) /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10502 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try+0x1c) [0xffffa2d576fc] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_protect+0xb8) [0xffffa2ce9d58] /usr/src/ruby/eval.c:1127 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt+0x150) [0xffffa2d50138] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1158 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(iseqw_s_compile_file_prism+0x1c4) [0xffffa2d5076c] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1925 [0xffff602d3254] ``` **Backtrace 2:** ``` /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-rds-1.314.0/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client_api.rb: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000aaab3c709000 ruby 4.0.4 (2026-05-12 revision b89eb1bcbf) +YJIT +PRISM [aarch64-linux] -- Control frame information ----------------------------------------------- c:0061 p:---- s:0367 e:000366 l:y b:---- DUMMY [FINISH] c:0060 p:---- s:0364 e:000363 l:y b:---- CFUNC :compile_file c:0059 p:0009 s:0358 e:000357 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:91 [FINISH] c:0058 p:---- s:0352 e:000351 l:y b:---- CFUNC :fetch c:0057 p:0099 s:0343 e:000342 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:154 c:0056 p:0008 s:0335 e:000334 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:185 [FINISH] c:0055 p:---- s:0329 e:000328 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0054 p:0033 s:0324 e:000323 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0053 p:0145 s:0318 e:000317 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0052 p:0057 s:0309 e:000308 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34 [FINISH] c:0051 p:0014 s:0301 e:000299 l:y b:0001 CLASS /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-rds-1.314.0/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client.rb:59 c:0050 p:0008 s:0297 e:000296 l:y b:0001 CLASS /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-rds-1.314.0/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client.rb:53 c:0049 p:0181 s:0294 e:000293 l:y b:0001 TOP /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-rds-1.314.0/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client.rb:40 [FINISH] c:0048 p:---- s:0291 e:000290 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0047 p:0033 s:0286 e:000285 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0046 p:0145 s:0280 e:000279 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0045 p:0057 s:0271 e:000270 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34 [FINISH] c:0044 p:0017 s:0263 e:000262 l:y b:0001 TOP /jeancaisse/packs/utils/app/lib/aws/rds.rb:12 [FINISH] c:0043 p:---- s:0260 e:000259 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0042 p:0033 s:0255 e:000254 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60 c:0041 p:0145 s:0249 e:000248 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33 c:0040 p:0026 s:0240 e:000239 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:26 [FINISH] c:0039 p:---- s:0232 e:000231 l:y b:---- CFUNC :const_get c:0038 p:0010 s:0226 e:000225 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:62 c:0037 p:0039 s:0222 e:000221 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:175 c:0036 p:0063 s:0214 e:000213 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:51 [FINISH] c:0035 p:0027 s:0208 e:000207 l:y b:0001 METHOD <internal:array>:228 c:0034 p:0020 s:0202 e:000201 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:40 c:0033 p:0048 s:0193 e:000192 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:170 c:0032 p:0010 s:0182 e:000181 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:18 [FINISH] c:0031 p:---- s:0177 e:000176 l:y b:---- CFUNC :each c:0030 p:0032 s:0173 e:000172 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:17 [FINISH] c:0029 p:0018 s:0170 e:000169 l:y b:0001 METHOD <internal:thread_sync>:130 c:0028 p:0006 s:0166 e:000165 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:11 c:0027 p:0005 s:0160 e:000159 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/autoloaders.rb:32 c:0026 p:0009 s:0156 e:000155 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/application.rb:556 c:0025 p:0014 s:0152 e:000151 l:y b:0001 METHOD /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:29 c:0024 p:0132 s:0143 e:000142 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:273 c:0023 p:0013 s:0132 E:000fa0 l:n b:---- BLOCK /jeancaisse/spec/config/initializers/0_custom_load_hooks_spec.rb:8 [FINISH] c:0022 p:---- s:0129 e:000128 l:y b:---- CFUNC :module_exec c:0021 p:0047 s:0125 e:000124 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:405 c:0020 p:0012 s:0115 e:000114 l:n b:---- BLOCK /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:30 c:0019 p:0023 s:0112 e:000111 l:y b:0001 METHOD /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:10 c:0018 p:0020 s:0107 e:000106 l:y b:0001 METHOD /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:30 c:0017 p:0132 s:0098 e:000097 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:273 c:0016 p:0013 s:0087 e:000086 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/dsl.rb:43 c:0015 p:0014 s:0080 e:000079 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/dsl.rb:84 c:0014 p:0006 s:0074 E:000aa0 l:y b:0001 TOP /jeancaisse/spec/config/initializers/0_custom_load_hooks_spec.rb:3 [FINISH] c:0013 p:---- s:0071 e:000070 l:y b:---- CFUNC :load c:0012 p:0007 s:0066 e:000065 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:2144 c:0011 p:0015 s:0057 e:000056 l:n b:---- BLOCK /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1643 [FINISH] c:0010 p:0027 s:0052 e:000051 l:y b:0001 METHOD <internal:array>:228 c:0009 p:0017 s:0046 e:000045 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1641 c:0008 p:0029 s:0042 e:000041 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:102 c:0007 p:0007 s:0036 e:000035 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:86 c:0006 p:0080 s:0030 e:000029 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:71 c:0005 p:0013 s:0022 e:000021 l:y b:0001 METHOD /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:45 c:0004 p:0010 s:0017 e:000016 l:y b:0001 TOP /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/exe/rspec:4 [FINISH] c:0003 p:---- s:0014 e:000013 l:y b:---- CFUNC :load c:0002 p:0301 s:0009 E:002438 l:n b:---- EVAL bin/rspec:59 [FINISH] c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:001170 l:y b:---- DUMMY [FINISH] -- Ruby level backtrace information ---------------------------------------- bin/rspec:59:in '<main>' bin/rspec:59:in 'load' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/exe/rspec:4:in '<top (required)>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:45:in 'invoke' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:71:in 'run' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:86:in 'run' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:102:in 'setup' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1641:in 'load_spec_files' <internal:array>:228:in 'each' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1643:in 'block in load_spec_files' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:2144:in 'load_file_handling_errors' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:2144:in 'load' /jeancaisse/spec/config/initializers/0_custom_load_hooks_spec.rb:3:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/dsl.rb:84:in 'block (2 levels) in expose_example_group_alias_globally' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/dsl.rb:43:in 'block in expose_example_group_alias' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:273:in 'block in define_example_group_method' /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:30:in 'subclass' /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:10:in 'within_eager_load_example_group' /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:30:in 'block in subclass' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:405:in 'subclass' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:405:in 'module_exec' /jeancaisse/spec/config/initializers/0_custom_load_hooks_spec.rb:8:in 'block in <main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/rspec-core-3.13.6/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:273:in 'block in define_example_group_method' /jeancaisse/spec/support/eager_load.rb:29:in 'subclass' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/application.rb:556:in 'eager_load!' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/railties-8.1.3/lib/rails/autoloaders.rb:32:in 'each' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:11:in 'eager_load' <internal:thread_sync>:130:in 'synchronize' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:17:in 'block in eager_load' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:17:in 'each' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:18:in 'block (2 levels) in eager_load' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:170:in 'actual_eager_load_dir' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:40:in 'ls' <internal:array>:228:in 'each' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/file_system.rb:51:in 'block in ls' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/loader/eager_load.rb:175:in 'block in actual_eager_load_dir' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:62:in 'get' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/cref.rb:62:in 'const_get' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:26:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /jeancaisse/packs/utils/app/lib/aws/rds.rb:12:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-rds-1.314.0/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client.rb:40:in '<main>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-rds-1.314.0/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client.rb:53:in '<module:RDS>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/aws-sdk-rds-1.314.0/lib/aws-sdk-rds/client.rb:59:in '<class:Client>' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.8.0/lib/zeitwerk/core_ext/kernel.rb:34:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/load_path_cache/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:33:in 'require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'block (2 levels) in replace_require' /usr/local/lib/ruby/4.0.0/bundled_gems.rb:60:in 'require' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:185:in 'load_iseq' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:154:in 'fetch' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:154:in 'fetch' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:91:in 'input_to_storage' /usr/local/bundle/ruby/4.0.0/gems/bootsnap-1.24.6/lib/bootsnap/compile_cache/iseq.rb:91:in 'compile_file' -- Threading information --------------------------------------------------- Total ractor count: 1 Ruby thread count for this ractor: 3 -- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------ x0: 0xbd7a2588f4a9410c x1: 0xf19e26916fea2c46 x2: 0x4cf5ad432745937f x3: 0x87c37b91114253d5 x4: 0x0000ffffb68963b0 x5: 0x0000000000000000 x6: 0x0000aaab0d7d0400 x7: 0x0000aaab3c026af0 x18: 0x0000aaab0d7d0778 x19: 0x0000aaab3c708ff8 x20: 0x0000aaad0c2c1180 x21: 0x0000ffffc6ff6dd0 x22: 0x0000aaab0d7d6c20 x23: 0x0000ffffb68d5000 x24: 0x0000ffffb63d3020 x25: 0x0000ffffc6ff6dd0 x26: 0x0000aaab3a3dcf00 x27: 0x0000000000000041 x28: 0x0000000000000001 x29: 0x0000ffffc6ff6d20 sp: 0x0000ffffc6ff6d20 fau: 0x0000aaab3c709000 -- C level backtrace information ------------------------------------------- /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(fprintf+0x0) [0xffffb64123f4] /usr/src/ruby/vm_dump.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_vm_bugreport) /usr/src/ruby/vm_dump.c:1453 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_bug_for_fatal_signal+0xd4) [0xffffb61ddc04] /usr/src/ruby/error.c:1131 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(sigsegv+0x58) [0xffffb6348328] /usr/src/ruby/signal.c:948 linux-vdso.so.1(__kernel_rt_sigreturn+0x0) [0xffffb691b838] /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(vm_ci_hash+0x50) [0xffffb63d3800] /usr/src/ruby/vm_method.c:632 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(normalize_hash_value+0x0) [0xffffb63546a0] /usr/src/ruby/st.c:331 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(do_hash) /usr/src/ruby/st.c:332 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_st_update) /usr/src/ruby/st.c:1472 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_vm_ci_lookup+0xac) [0xffffb63dd038] /usr/src/ruby/vm_method.c:712 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(vm_ci_new_+0x4) [0xffffb614c208] /usr/src/ruby/vm_callinfo.h:219 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(new_callinfo) /usr/src/ruby/compile.c:1486 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(new_insn_send+0xfc) [0xffffb614e848] /usr/src/ruby/compile.c:1495 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_call+0x930) [0xffffb6195a58] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:3794 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1218) [0xffffb6183598] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:8790 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_setup_args_core+0xe4) [0xffffb6191cf0] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:1816 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_setup_args+0xdc) [0xffffb61927e4] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:2020 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(ISEQ_COMPILE_DATA+0x0) [0xffffb6195210] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:3706 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_call) /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:3707 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1218) [0xffffb6183598] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:8790 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x3698) [0xffffb6185a18] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10324 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_scope_node+0x1b0c) [0xffffb619c974] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:7044 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1a00) [0xffffb6183d80] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10197 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_compile_node+0x60) [0xffffb619e240] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10508 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try+0x1c) [0xffffb62576fc] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_protect+0xb8) [0xffffb61e9d58] /usr/src/ruby/eval.c:1127 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt+0x150) [0xffffb6250138] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1158 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_new_child_iseq+0xb8) [0xffffb614a440] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:1276 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x328c) [0xffffb618560c] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:9869 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x36c8) [0xffffb6185a48] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10326 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_scope_node+0x1b0c) [0xffffb619c974] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:7044 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1a00) [0xffffb6183d80] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10197 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_compile_node+0x60) [0xffffb619e240] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10508 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try+0x1c) [0xffffb62576fc] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_protect+0xb8) [0xffffb61e9d58] /usr/src/ruby/eval.c:1127 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt+0x150) [0xffffb6250138] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1158 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_new_child_iseq+0xb8) [0xffffb614a440] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:1276 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x328c) [0xffffb618560c] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:9869 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x36c8) [0xffffb6185a48] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10326 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_scope_node+0x1b0c) [0xffffb619c974] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:7044 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_compile_node+0x1a00) [0xffffb6183d80] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10197 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(APPEND_LIST+0x0) [0xffffb619e2b4] /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10498 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_compile_node) /usr/src/ruby/prism_compile.c:10502 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt_try+0x1c) [0xffffb62576fc] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1105 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(rb_protect+0xb8) [0xffffb61e9d58] /usr/src/ruby/eval.c:1127 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(pm_iseq_new_with_opt+0x150) [0xffffb6250138] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1158 /usr/local/lib/libruby.so.4.0(iseqw_s_compile_file_prism+0x1c4) [0xffffb625076c] /usr/src/ruby/iseq.c:1925 [0xffff77cb7e20] ``` -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

3 2

[ruby-core:125706] [Ruby Bug#22106] Getting a segfault when using finalizers and/or WeakMap in Ractors
by miles-georgi (Miles Georgi) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #22106 has been reported by miles-georgi (Miles Georgi). ---------------------------------------- Bug #22106: Getting a segfault when using finalizers and/or WeakMap in Ractors https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/22106 * Author: miles-georgi (Miles Georgi) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.5 (2026-05-20 revision 64336ffd0e) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- If I run the following script I get a segfault: ```ruby def ractor_and_port_counts total_ractor_count = total_ractor_port_count = open_ractor_count = open_ractor_port_count = 0 ObjectSpace.each_object do |object| case object when Ractor total_ractor_count += 1 open_ractor_count += 1 unless object.default_port.closed? when Ractor::Port total_ractor_port_count += 1 open_ractor_port_count += 1 unless object.closed? end end [total_ractor_count, open_ractor_count, total_ractor_port_count, open_ractor_port_count] end def show_ractor_counts GC.start pp ractor_and_port_counts end class Wrapper class << self def finalizer_proc proc do |id| wrapper_to_ractor = Ractor[:wrapper_to_ractor] if wrapper_to_ractor wrapper_to_ractor[id]&.each_key { |ractor| ractor << :close } rescue Ractor::ClosedError end end end def setup_finalizer(wrapper) wrapper_to_ractor = Ractor[:wrapper_to_ractor] ||= {} map = wrapper_to_ractor[wrapper.object_id] ||= ObjectSpace::WeakMap.new map[wrapper.ractor] = true ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(wrapper, &finalizer_proc) end end attr_reader :ractor def initialize(object) @ractor = Ractor.new do loop { break if receive == :close } o = nil end @ractor.send(object, move: true) self.class.setup_finalizer(self) end end class Outer def initialize = @inner = Wrapper.new(Inner.new) end class Inner; end show_ractor_counts outer = Wrapper.new(Outer.new) show_ractor_counts outer = nil # Removing the following line makes it so it only segfaults sometimes instead of everytime show_ractor_counts ``` I'll attach the script and the whole segfault but part of the segfault is: ``` <internal:gc>:44: [BUG] FL_FINALIZE flag is set, but finalizers are not found ruby 4.0.5 (2026-05-20 revision 64336ffd0e) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] -- Control frame information ----------------------------------------------- c:0004 p:0010 s:0023 e:000018 l:y b:0001 METHOD <internal:gc>:44 c:0003 p:0004 s:0011 e:000010 l:y b:0001 METHOD test_scripts/finalizer-in-ractor-test-segfault:23 c:0002 p:0075 s:0007 E:000f98 l:n b:---- EVAL test_scripts/finalizer-in-ractor-test-segfault:72 [FINISH] c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:000b40 l:y b:---- DUMMY [FINISH] -- Ruby level backtrace information ---------------------------------------- test_scripts/finalizer-in-ractor-test-segfault:72:in '<main>' test_scripts/finalizer-in-ractor-test-segfault:23:in 'show_ractor_counts' <internal:gc>:44:in 'start' ``` This happens in both a local build of 4.1-dev and 4.0.5 I suspect one might need to put GC.start at the end of the script if unable to reproduce. ---Files-------------------------------- segfault.txt (22 KB) finalizer-in-ractor-test-segfault (1.66 KB) -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

1 0

[ruby-core:125705] [Ruby Bug#22105] Cannot initialize a WeakRef in a Ractor
by miles-georgi (Miles Georgi) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #22105 has been reported by miles-georgi (Miles Georgi). ---------------------------------------- Bug #22105: Cannot initialize a WeakRef in a Ractor https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/22105 * Author: miles-georgi (Miles Georgi) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.5 (2026-05-20 revision 64336ffd0e) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- Hey hey! If I try to create a WeakRef in a Ractor, like in this script: ``` ruby require "weakref" Ractor.new { WeakRef.new("asdf") }.join ``` Then I get this error: ``` 4.1-dev/lib/ruby/4.1.0+3/weakref.rb:40:in 'WeakRef#initialize': can not read non-shareable class variable @@__map from non-main Ractors (WeakRef) (Ractor::IsolationError) ``` This happens in both a local build of 4.1-dev and 4.0.5 and likely other versions. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

1 0

[ruby-core:125157] [Ruby Feature#21973] Smile argument
by kinoppyd (Yasuhiro Kinoshita) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #21973 has been reported by kinoppyd (Yasuhiro Kinoshita). ---------------------------------------- Feature #21973: Smile argument https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21973 * Author: kinoppyd (Yasuhiro Kinoshita) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- Ruby makes us smile. So I want Ruby to smile too, and that is why I would like to propose this feature. The smile argument makes Ruby smile by allowing a method call to end its argument list with `:)`. smile_method(arg, :) This syntax implicitly supplies keyword arguments by matching the names of local variables in the current scope with the names of the method’s keyword parameters. For example, if a method has the following signature: ```ruby some_method(arg, smile:, hugging:) ``` then these two calls would be equivalent: ```ruby arg = "hello" smile = "smile" hugging = "hugging" some_method(arg, smile:, hugging:) ``` ```ruby arg = "hello" smile = "smile" hugging = "hugging" some_method(arg, :) ``` The motivation behind this feature is the assumption that names used in a method signature are often also used at the call site. For instance, if a library method defines keyword arguments like `(from:, to:)`, I expect that code using that method would often have local variables named `from` and `to` holding the actual values before passing them along. In real application development, when developers adopt a new library, they will usually look at the argument list of the method they want to call. If they intend to use that method as designed, it seems natural that they may also choose the same variable names as those in the method signature. This idea was inspired by Scala’s implicit parameters. It is not exactly the same feature, but as a lazy person, I find the idea of context-driven currying quite appealing. In any case, the real purpose is to make Ruby smile. Happy Ruby! And happy April Fools' Day! -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

4 3

[ruby-core:125572] [Ruby Bug#22080] `Integer(obj, exception: false)` raises when `to_str` doesn't return String
by Earlopain (Earlopain _) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #22080 has been reported by Earlopain (Earlopain _). ---------------------------------------- Bug #22080: `Integer(obj, exception: false)` raises when `to_str` doesn't return String https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/22080 * Author: Earlopain (Earlopain _) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.1.0dev (2026-05-23T13:04:55Z master 6c6df00bbc) +PRISM [x86_64-linux] * Backport: 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- ```rb obj = Object.new def obj.to_str = 1 Integer(obj, exception: false) # can't convert Object to String (Object#to_str gives Integer) (TypeError) ``` But returning the wrong type from `to_int` is fine: ```rb obj = Object.new def obj.to_int = "1" Integer(obj, exception: false) # nil ``` Doc says this (https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Kernel.html#method-i-Integer) > With exception given as false, an exception of any kind is suppressed and nil is returned. So it looks like it should not raise in both cases. Or more specifically, try `to_i` next, since that is what happens when `to_int` returns the wrong type. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

2 1

[ruby-core:125701] [Ruby Feature#18915] New error class: NotImplementedYetError or scope change for NotImplementedError
by matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #18915 has been updated by matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto). Thanks for the discussion, and thanks to @koic for summarizing what we talked about at RubyKaigi in Matsue. Let me settle the direction. The new exception class should inherit from `ScriptError`, not `StandardError`. Failing to define a method that a subclass is required to provide is a problem in the program itself, the same kind of problem as `SyntaxError` or `LoadError`, not a runtime error. `NotImplementedError` already inherits from `ScriptError`, so the new class becomes its natural sibling, and a clean migration target for the code that has been misusing `NotImplementedError`. This also resolves the concern raised earlier in this thread. Since it does not inherit from `StandardError`, a bare `rescue` will not swallow it and the mistake surfaces during development, while test frameworks that rescue `Exception` (such as Minitest) will still catch and report it. For the same reason I do not want to reuse `NoMethodError`, which inherits from `StandardError` and would be caught by a bare `rescue`. For the name, the candidates were `AbstractMethodError` (from Java) and `SubclassResponsibility` (from Smalltalk). `SubclassResponsibility` expresses the intent well, and the lack of an `Error` suffix would not be a problem by itself, since Ruby has exception classes such as `Interrupt` that do not end in `Error`. But because the closely related `NotImplementedError` has the `Error` suffix, I prefer to keep it consistent. Let's go with `AbstractMethodError`. Matz. ---------------------------------------- Feature #18915: New error class: NotImplementedYetError or scope change for NotImplementedError https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18915#change-117562 * Author: Quintasan (Michał Zając) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- # Abstract Introduce `NotImplementedYetError` exception that should be used in case when the codepath has not been implemented by the developer for some reason (maybe they're designing an abstract class or are designing some sort of interface to reuse later on) OR extend the meaning of `NotImplementedError` to cover those usecases so we don't have to introduce another exception # Background `NotImplementedError` is supposed to be raised `if the underlying operating system or Ruby runtime does not support them` (https://ruby-doc.org/core-3.1.2/NotImplementedError.html) However it appears that many people are misusing this exception by raising this in a superclass from which they later inherit from. I do realize that Ruby promotes duck-typing (the default RuboCop style guide has a cop for this – https://github.com/rubocop/ruby-style-guide#duck-typing) However I have seen this being discussed numerous times: * https://github.com/rubocop/ruby-style-guide/issues/458 * http://chrisstump.online/2016/03/23/stop-abusing-notimplementederror/ * https://oleg0potapov.medium.com/ruby-notimplementederror-dont-use-it-dff1fd… * https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/354314 (which I'm the author of) * https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/issues/2067 (here the author actually confused it with Python's `NotImplementedError`) * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13668068/how-to-signal-not-implemented-… # Proposal Create `NotImplementedYetError` exception OR Allow raising `NotImplementedError` in cases other than OS or Ruby runtime incompatibilities # Evaluation ### Add `NotImplementedYetError` I think a new exception is a better idea than changing the usage of an existing one just because "everyone is using it". That said it would require people to refactor their code which might prevent wider adoption of the new exception. ### Change scope of `NotImplementedError` This would require the least amount of changes possible (only a documentation change) and I believe there would be no compatibility problems whatsoever. ---Files-------------------------------- not-implemented-error-docs.patch (1.57 KB) -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:125664] [Ruby Feature#22100] Native Union Types in Ruby
by bogdan (Bogdan Gusiev) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #22100 has been reported by bogdan (Bogdan Gusiev). ---------------------------------------- Feature #22100: Native Union Types in Ruby https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/22100 * Author: bogdan (Bogdan Gusiev) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- ## Summary Add a `UnionType` class to Ruby's standard library and extend `Class#|` to construct one, enabling expressive, composable type-checking syntax throughout the language. ```ruby String | Integer # => UnionType(Integer | String) value.is_a?(String | Integer) case value when String | Integer then ... end ``` ## Motivation ### 1. Type-checking sugar that every Ruby developer already writes by hand Runtime type validation is ubiquitous in Ruby codebases. The current idioms are verbose and inconsistent: ```ruby # Common patterns in the wild today raise TypeError unless value.is_a?(String) || value.is_a?(Integer) raise TypeError unless [String, Integer].any? { |t| value.is_a?(t) } raise TypeError unless String === value || Integer === value ``` A union type collapses all of these into a single, readable expression: ```ruby raise TypeError unless value.is_a?(String | Integer) ``` This is not a niche use-case. Any method that accepts multiple types — a common pattern in Ruby's own standard library — benefits immediately: ```ruby # Hypothetical standard library def write(data) raise TypeError, "expected String or IO" unless data.is_a?(String | IO) ... end ``` The `case`/`when` integration comes for free because `UnionType` implements `===`, making union branches in `case` expressions natural and zero-cost to adopt. ### 2. RBS and Sorbet already model this concept; Ruby itself should too Ruby's own type annotation language **RBS** uses `|` for union types as first-class syntax: ```rbs def process: (String | Integer) -> void ``` **Sorbet** expresses the same idea with `T.any`: ```ruby sig { params(value: T.any(String, Integer)).void } def process(value) = ... ``` Both tools have converged on the same semantic. Having the concept in static annotations but not in runtime Ruby creates a gap: developers must translate `String | Integer` from their type signatures into verbose `is_a?` chains by hand, and the two can drift out of sync. Sorbet requires the class constant instead, and `T.nilable` only covers a single type — so a multi-type nullable needs the verbose form: ```ruby T.any(String, Integer, NilClass) # Sorbet — nil literal not accepted T.nilable(T.any(String, Integer)) # Sorbet alternative, extra nesting ``` With a native `UnionType` the expression stays flat and readable: ```ruby String | Integer | nil # UnionType — matches RBS exactly ``` **Comparison with dry-types sum types.** dry-schema uses dry-types' `|` operator for multi-type fields: ```ruby required(:value).value(Dry::Types['integer'] | Dry::Types['string']) ``` `Dry::Types['integer']` is a `Constrained<Nominal<Integer>>` object — a class check with no coercion, semantically equivalent to what `UnionType` provides. For already-typed data (parsed JSON, domain objects) a native `UnionType` would be a simpler drop-in: ```ruby required(:value).value(Integer | String) # hypothetical, with native UnionType ``` **Construction-time optimization** is also worth noting. A `UnionType` prunes redundant members at construction: `Integer | Numeric` collapses to `Numeric` immediately, so every subsequent `===` check is against the minimal set of classes. User-space code using `Array#any?` cannot do this without re-running the deduplication on every call. A native type is also a known, stable shape that the VM could treat specially in the future — the same path that gave `Integer`, `Symbol`, and `true`/`false` their fast paths. ### 3. Config-style type validation is a widespread, unsolved pattern Many Ruby libraries and frameworks define configuration schemas as plain hashes, with a `:type` key holding an array of valid classes: ```ruby # ActiveModel-style validators validates :amount, type: [Integer, Float] # Schema definitions (dry-schema, Grape, GraphQL-Ruby, etc.) params do requires :id, type: [String, Integer] optional :meta, type: [Hash, NilClass] end # Home-grown config validation SCHEMA = { timeout: { type: [Integer, Float], default: 30 }, host: { type: [String, NilClass], default: nil }, } ``` Today these arrays have no standard protocol. Each library re-implements the same loop: ```ruby Array(config[:type]).any? { |t| value.is_a?(t) } ``` A `UnionType` gives this pattern a first-class home. Libraries could accept either an array **or** a `UnionType` transparently via `===`, and authors could write schemas that are self-documenting and immediately executable: ```ruby SCHEMA = { timeout: { type: Integer | Float, default: 30 }, host: { type: String | NilClass, default: nil }, } SCHEMA.each do |key, rule| raise TypeError, "#{key} must be #{rule[:type]}" unless rule[:type] === config[key] end ``` ### 4. Literal-value sugar for the three Ruby singletons Ruby has exactly three values that are singletons of their own class: `nil` (`NilClass`), `true` (`TrueClass`), and `false` (`FalseClass`). Because the literal and the class are interchangeable conceptually, the `|` operator accepts all three as shorthand: ```ruby String | nil # => UnionType(String | nil) same as String | NilClass String | true # => UnionType(String | true) same as String | TrueClass String | false # => UnionType(String | false) same as String | FalseClass # Common real-world pattern: nullable type def greet(name) raise TypeError unless name.is_a?(String | nil) "Hello, #{name || "stranger"}!" end ``` These three are the complete set. No other Ruby literal has a distinct singleton class, so no further sugar is needed or planned. **Footgun note**: writing `nil | String` returns `true` because `NilClass#|` is the boolean OR operator. The sugar only works with the union type on the left: `String | nil`. This mirrors how Ruby already treats `nil | x` today and is a known trade-off. ## Proposed additions | Addition | Description | |---|---| | `UnionType` class | Immutable value object wrapping a sorted set of classes | | `Class#\|` | Returns `UnionType.new(self, other)`; accepts `nil`, `true`, `false` as sugar | | `UnionType#===` | Enables `case`/`when` | | `Object#is_a?` / `kind_of?` | Accept `UnionType` as argument | | `Object#instance_of?` | Accept `UnionType` as argument | | `UnionType#&` | Intersection of two union types | | `UnionType#cover?` | True if a class is covered by the union | | `UnionType` includes `Enumerable` | Full iteration over member classes | ## Reference implementation A working gem implementation is available at https://github.com/bogdan/ruby-union-type ## Compatibility `Class#|` is not currently defined in Ruby, so no existing code is broken. `Object#is_a?` is extended in a backwards-compatible way: non-`UnionType` arguments fall through to the original C implementation. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:125698] [Ruby Feature#17944] Remove Socket.gethostbyaddr and Socket.gethostbyname
by matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto) 11 Jun '26

11 Jun '26

Issue #17944 has been updated by matz (Yukihiro Matsumoto). It didn't seem like anyone was using them, and since they weren't good API to begin with (they had Perl-like design), I felt it was okay to remove them. Matz. ---------------------------------------- Feature #17944: Remove Socket.gethostbyaddr and Socket.gethostbyname https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/17944#change-117559 * Author: pvalena (Pavel Valena) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- It is marked as unsafe by our static analysis. Can it be removed now? It was deprecated in: https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/projects/ruby-master/repository/trunk/revisions/… https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/13097 -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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