January 2026 - ruby-core - ml.ruby-lang.org

[ruby-core:124373] [Ruby Bug#21809] Segmentation fault when running RUBY_BOX=1 gem update --system
by wilsonsilva (Wilson Silva) 13 Jan '26

13 Jan '26

Issue #21809 has been reported by wilsonsilva (Wilson Silva). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21809: Segmentation fault when running RUBY_BOX=1 gem update --system https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21809 * Author: wilsonsilva (Wilson Silva) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [arm64-darwin25] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- I get a segmentation fault when I run `RUBY_BOX=1 gem update --system`. I'm using RubyGems version `4.0.3`. I've attached the crash report log file to this issue. There is no segfault when `RUBY_BOX=0`, so this really seem like an issue with Ruby Box. System Information: * macOS Version: 26.1 (Build 25B78) * Ruby Version: 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [arm64-darwin25] * Architecture: arm64 * Hardware: * Model: MacBook Pro (MacBookPro18,2) * Chip: Apple M1 Max * CPU Cores: 10 (8 performance + 2 efficiency) * Memory: 64 GB Output: ``` /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/bin/ruby: warning: Ruby::Box is experimental, and the behavior may change in the future! See https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/4.0/Ruby/Box.html for known issues, etc. /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_list.rb:22: [BUG] Segmentation fault at 0x0000000000000008 ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [arm64-darwin25] -- Crash Report log information -------------------------------------------- See Crash Report log file in one of the following locations: * ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports * /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports for more details. Don't forget to include the above Crash Report log file in bug reports. -- Control frame information ----------------------------------------------- c:0022 p:---- s:0109 e:000108 l:y b:---- CFUNC :append_features c:0021 p:---- s:0106 e:000105 l:y b:---- CFUNC :include c:0020 p:0011 s:0101 e:000100 l:y b:0002 CLASS /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_list.rb:22 c:0019 p:0013 s:0098 e:000097 l:y b:0002 TOP /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_list.rb:19 [FINISH] c:0018 p:---- s:0095 e:000094 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require_relative c:0017 p:---- s:0092 e:000091 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require_relative c:0016 p:0011 s:0087 e:000086 l:y b:0002 TOP /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:4 [FINISH] c:0015 p:---- s:0084 e:000083 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require_relative c:0014 p:---- s:0081 e:000080 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require_relative c:0013 p:0017 s:0076 e:000075 l:y b:0002 TOP /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb:5 [FINISH] c:0012 p:---- s:0073 e:000072 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0011 p:0023 s:0068 e:000067 l:y b:0001 METHOD <internal:/Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:139 [FINISH] c:0010 p:---- s:0062 e:000061 l:y b:---- CFUNC :require c:0009 p:0036 s:0057 e:000056 l:y b:0002 METHOD /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:235 c:0008 p:0038 s:0050 e:000046 l:y b:0002 METHOD /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:137 c:0007 p:0089 s:0042 e:000041 l:y b:0002 METHOD /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:209 c:0006 p:0013 s:0036 e:000035 l:y b:0002 METHOD /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:249 c:0005 p:0080 s:0028 e:000027 l:y b:0002 METHOD /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:193 c:0004 p:0010 s:0021 e:000020 l:y b:0002 METHOD /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:151 c:0003 p:0057 s:0013 e:000012 l:y b:0002 METHOD /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:56 c:0002 p:0027 s:0006 e:000005 l:n b:---- EVAL /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/bin/gem:12 [FINISH] c:0001 p:0000 s:0003 E:001b70 l:y b:---- DUMMY [FINISH] -- Ruby level backtrace information ---------------------------------------- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/bin/gem:12:in '<main>' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/gem_runner.rb:56:in 'run' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:151:in 'run' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:193:in 'process_args' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:249:in 'invoke_command' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:209:in 'find_command' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:137:in '[]' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:235:in 'load_and_instantiate' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/command_manager.rb:235:in 'require' <internal:/Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:139:in 'require' <internal:/Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb>:139:in 'require' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb:5:in '<top (required)>' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb:5:in 'require_relative' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/commands/update_command.rb:5:in 'require_relative' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:4:in '<top (required)>' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:4:in 'require_relative' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_installer.rb:4:in 'require_relative' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_list.rb:19:in '<top (required)>' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_list.rb:22:in '<class:DependencyList>' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_list.rb:22:in 'include' /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/dependency_list.rb:22:in 'append_features' -- Threading information --------------------------------------------------- Total ractor count: 1 Ruby thread count for this ractor: 1 -- Machine register context ------------------------------------------------ x0: 0x0000000000000000 x1: 0x0000000122769760 x2: 0x00000001034d5ca4 x3: 0x000000016d552e58 x4: 0x0000000000000001 x5: 0x0000000000000000 x6: 0xffffffffbfc007ff x7: 0xfffff0003ffff800 x18: 0x0000000000000000 x19: 0x0000000000000000 x20: 0x00000001029adc08 x21: 0x0000000a35a0f5c0 x22: 0x00000001034ddf44 x23: 0x0000000122769760 x24: 0x00000001227c06f0 x25: 0x0000000a35a0f480 x26: 0x0000000000000000 x27: 0x0000000a34c82f40 x28: 0x0000000a34a5bc00 lr: 0x00000001034d6144 fp: 0x000000016d552e40 sp: 0x000000016d552dc0 -- C level backtrace information ------------------------------------------- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_vm_bugreport+0xbc8) [0x1037448e8] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_bug_for_fatal_signal+0x10c) [0x10356305c] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(sigsegv+0x90) [0x103697158] /usr/lib/system/libsystem_platform.dylib(_sigtramp+0x38) [0x183523744] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_class_duplicate_classext+0x410) [0x1034d6144] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_class_duplicate_classext+0x410) [0x1034d6144] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(RCLASS_EXT_WRITABLE_LOOKUP+0xd4) [0x10370e258] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_ivar_lookup+0x18c) [0x103706cbc] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_include_module+0x5c) [0x1034d9fc4] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_mod_append_features+0x38) [0x103570890] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_call0_body+0x358) [0x10373a224] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_funcallv_scope+0x250) [0x103721c18] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_funcall+0x88) [0x10372202c] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_mod_include+0x108) [0x10357063c] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_call_cfunc_with_frame_+0xf0) [0x1037340a8] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_exec_core+0x3cc8) [0x103718790] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_vm_exec+0x284) [0x103712ed8] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(load_iseq_eval+0x230) [0x1035d61dc] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(require_internal+0x31c) [0x1035d41d0] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_require_string_internal+0x60) [0x1035d374c] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_call0_body+0x358) [0x10373a224] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_vm_call_kw+0xc4) [0x103720c24] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_call_super_kw+0x2bc) [0x103720f54] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_call_cfunc_with_frame_+0xf0) [0x1037340a8] 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[0x1037340a8] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_exec_core+0x3cc8) [0x103718790] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_vm_exec+0x284) [0x103712ed8] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(load_iseq_eval+0x230) [0x1035d61dc] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(require_internal+0x31c) [0x1035d41d0] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_require_string_internal+0x60) [0x1035d374c] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(rb_f_require+0x44) [0x1035d3614] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_call_cfunc_with_frame_+0xf0) [0x1037340a8] /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib(vm_call_method_each_type+0x348) [0x10372da80] 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/Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/bin/ruby(main+0x68) [0x1028a8620] -- Other runtime information ----------------------------------------------- * Loaded script: /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/bin/gem * Ruby Box: enabled * Current box id: 2, type: main * Loaded features: 0 enumerator.so 1 thread.rb 2 fiber.so 3 rational.so 4 complex.so 5 pathname.so 6 ruby2_keywords.rb 7 set.rb 8 /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/arm64-darwin25/enc/encdb.bundle 9 /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/arm64-darwin25/enc/trans/transdb.bundle 10 /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/arm64-darwin25/rbconfig.rb 11 /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/defaults.rb 12 /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/deprecate.rb 13 /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/ruby/4.0.0/rubygems/errors.rb 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/Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 122860000-122870000 rw- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 122880000-122890000 rw- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 1228a0000-1228b0000 rw- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 1228c0000-1228d0000 rw- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 1228e0000-1228f0000 rw- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 122900000-122910000 rw- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 122910000-1231ec000 r-- /Users/wilson/.local/share/mise/installs/ruby/4.0.0/lib/libruby.4.0.dylib 1231ec000-123250000 r-- /usr/lib/system/libsystem_platform.dylib 12ee00000-12ee04000 rw- 169558000-16cd5c000 --- 16cd5c000-16d558000 rw- 16d558000-16d55c000 --- 16d55c000-16d5e4000 rw- 180000000-1e8000000 r-- 1e8000000-1e9b18000 r-- 1e9b18000-1ebdd8000 r-- 1ebdd8000-1ec000000 r-- 1ec000000-1eddd8000 r-- 1eddd8000-1ee000000 rw- 1ee000000-1efc38000 r-- 1efc38000-1efc5c000 r-- 1efc5c000-1f1430000 rw- 1f1430000-1f8f28000 r-- 1f8f28000-1fa000000 r-- 1fa000000-290000000 r-- 290000000-2912bc000 r-- 2912bc000-293e6c000 r-- 293e6c000-294000000 r-- 294000000-29a000000 r-- 29a000000-29a2f0000 r-- 29a2f0000-29bd54000 rw- 29bd54000-2a175c000 r-- 2a175c000-2a2000000 r-- 2a2000000-300000000 r-- 674000000-674400000 rw- 674400000-674800000 rw- 734000000-a34400000 --- a34400000-a34800000 rw- a34800000-a34c00000 rw- a34c00000-a35000000 rw- a35000000-a35400000 rw- a35400000-a35800000 rw- a35800000-a35c00000 rw- a35c00000-a36000000 rw- a36000000-a36400000 rw- a36400000-d34000000 --- fc0000000-1000000000 --- 1000000000-7000000000 --- [IMPORTANT] Don't forget to include the Crash Report log file under DiagnosticReports directory in bug reports. [1] 61568 segmentation fault gem update --system ``` ---Files-------------------------------- ruby-2025-12-28-132602.ips (15.2 KB) -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

2 2

[ruby-core:124496] [Ruby Bug#21824] performance regression in regexp matching after update to 4.0
by mackuba (Kuba Suder) 13 Jan '26

13 Jan '26

Issue #21824 has been updated by mackuba (Kuba Suder). I've tested latest master on my machine and it seems to be fixed, thank you! ---------------------------------------- Bug #21824: performance regression in regexp matching after update to 4.0 https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21824#change-116049 * Author: mackuba (Kuba Suder) * Status: Closed * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [arm64-darwin24] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- TLDR: a change in the regexp algorithm in regcomp.c merged around October was supposed to speed up the matching, but it seems it has slowed it down more in practice. === I'm running a service written in Ruby which serves some number of Bluesky feeds. As part of this service, I have a process that connects to a websocket API (w/ EventMachine), reads from it all new posts made on the network in real time (on the order of ~100 posts per second on average lately), and passes each post through a #post_matches? method in about 20 feed objects, each of which has a number of regexps configured (most have around 20-30, but one has a few hundred, probably something like 900 regexps in total). If a given post's text (up to 300 unicode characters) matches any of the regexps of the given feed (and/or matches some additional conditions), it's added to this feed in the database. I often use a slightly older version of this project with a fixed pre-downloaded chunk of the posts stream, with ~100k random but real posts in one large binary file, as a benchmark on different versions of Ruby. So I ran it again on 4.0 after it was released a week ago, and I got this: https://bsky.app/profile/mackuba.eu/post/3mb2quhdoqs23 The numbers are the calculated speed of processing, in events per second, after going through the whole sample of 100k events and a full set of feeds. So there was a 5-6% slowdown on Ruby 4.0 vs. Ruby 3.4 (with or without YJIT), putting it below any version of Ruby since 3.0. I started profiling which specific parts of the code got slower, and I narrowed it down to regexp matching (the full loop also does e.g. decoding of data from a binary format from the file). I made a demo project reproducing this here (note, linking to a slightly earlier commit): https://tangled.org/mackuba.eu/ruby4.0-regexp-test/tree/63e208de944debdc0a6…. There are 940 posts here in the sample and 17 regexps, and running 1000 loops takes 7 seconds on Ruby 3.4, but 13.5s on 4.0 (so almost 2x longer). Then, I started digging into the details to see if some specific posts or specific regexps cause the slowdown. It turned out that most of the 17 regexps, if tested alone, work about the same on 3.4 & 4.0, but two work around 4x slower: /\bslackware\b/i and /\bkde plasma\b/i. (This seems to be not only about the length of the regexp, but also specific characters, because e.g. /\blongstring\b/i does not trigger this effect.) It also seems that this only happens if the searched string contains non-ASCII characters. An updated, more minimal version of the demo is here: https://tangled.org/mackuba.eu/ruby4.0-regexp-test/tree/d9e145c1e9f39fca6dd…. One regexp and one string. With a million loops, it takes 0.75s on Ruby 3.4, but 2.7s on Ruby 4.0. (No change on latest master, ruby 4.1.0dev (2026-01-05T17:18:47Z master 7e81bf5c0c), i.e. it's still much slower than on 3.4.) If the few non-ASCII characters (apostrophe, ndash, ellipsis, TM) are removed from the string, the slowdown goes away. Finally, with some help from Codex I tried to track down which specific change between 3.4 and 4.0 caused this slowdown. It turned out to be this commit: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/981ee02c7c664f19b983662d618d5e6bd87d1739, authored in November 2017 (!), but merged around 31st October this year. It says it "fixes performance problem with /k/i and /s/i". I'm not familiar with these string search algorithms so I'm not able to evaluate this in detail or say how this could be fixed, but from the description I'm assuming that it improves performance in some cases of text/regexp, but apparently degrades it in some others like mine. Since in my main test of a practical scenario which matches ~100k posts against ~900 regexps, as well as the earlier demo which matches 940 posts against 17 regexps, the updated version in 4.0 is slower (5% and 47% slower, respectively), my guess is that the net result will generally be negative, i.e. that this change committed in October makes more cases slower than it makes faster. But like I said, I don't know enough about regexp algorithms to analyze this deeper, I can only report my results. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

1 0

[ruby-core:124383] [Ruby Bug#21812] Kernel#sleep without arguments returns immediately when subprocess exits in another thread (regression in Ruby 4.0)
by jaimevelaz (Jaime Velaz) 13 Jan '26

13 Jan '26

Issue #21812 has been reported by jaimevelaz (Jaime Velaz). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21812: Kernel#sleep without arguments returns immediately when subprocess exits in another thread (regression in Ruby 4.0) https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21812 * Author: jaimevelaz (Jaime Velaz) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [arm64-darwin25] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- **Description** In Ruby 4.0.0, Kernel#sleep without arguments returns 0 immediately when a subprocess (spawned via backticks in another thread) exits. This is a regression from Ruby 3.4.8 where sleep blocks indefinitely as expected. Note: sleep(N) with an argument is not affected. --- **Steps to reproduce** ``` # test_sleep.rb Thread.new do sleep 0.3 `echo hello` # Spawns subprocess puts "Subprocess exited" end puts "Main thread sleeping..." result = sleep # Should block forever puts "sleep returned: #{result.inspect}" ``` Run with: `$ ruby test_sleep.rb` --- Actual result (Ruby 4.0.0): Main thread sleeping... Subprocess exited sleep returned: 0 The program exits immediately after the subprocess completes. --- Expected result (Ruby 3.4.8 behavior): Main thread sleeping... Subprocess exited (process blocks indefinitely until interrupted by signal) The program should block forever until explicitly interrupted by SIGINT/SIGTERM. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

3 2

[ruby-core:124394] [Ruby Bug#21815] Backport
by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) 13 Jan '26

13 Jan '26

Issue #21815 has been reported by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada). ---------------------------------------- Bug #21815: Backport https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21815 * Author: nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) * Status: Open * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- [GH-15737] [GH-15737]: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/15737 -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

2 1

[ruby-core:124485] [Ruby Bug#21824] performance regression in regexp matching after update to 4.0
by mackuba (Kuba Suder) 12 Jan '26

12 Jan '26

Issue #21824 has been updated by mackuba (Kuba Suder). Hey - see the two links to the git repo on tangled.org in the bug description, it includes a test script. ---------------------------------------- Bug #21824: performance regression in regexp matching after update to 4.0 https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21824#change-116037 * Author: mackuba (Kuba Suder) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [arm64-darwin24] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- TLDR: a change in the regexp algorithm in regcomp.c merged around October was supposed to speed up the matching, but it seems it has slowed it down more in practice. === I'm running a service written in Ruby which serves some number of Bluesky feeds. As part of this service, I have a process that connects to a websocket API (w/ EventMachine), reads from it all new posts made on the network in real time (on the order of ~100 posts per second on average lately), and passes each post through a #post_matches? method in about 20 feed objects, each of which has a number of regexps configured (most have around 20-30, but one has a few hundred, probably something like 900 regexps in total). If a given post's text (up to 300 unicode characters) matches any of the regexps of the given feed (and/or matches some additional conditions), it's added to this feed in the database. I often use a slightly older version of this project with a fixed pre-downloaded chunk of the posts stream, with ~100k random but real posts in one large binary file, as a benchmark on different versions of Ruby. So I ran it again on 4.0 after it was released a week ago, and I got this: https://bsky.app/profile/mackuba.eu/post/3mb2quhdoqs23 The numbers are the calculated speed of processing, in events per second, after going through the whole sample of 100k events and a full set of feeds. So there was a 5-6% slowdown on Ruby 4.0 vs. Ruby 3.4 (with or without YJIT), putting it below any version of Ruby since 3.0. I started profiling which specific parts of the code got slower, and I narrowed it down to regexp matching (the full loop also does e.g. decoding of data from a binary format from the file). I made a demo project reproducing this here (note, linking to a slightly earlier commit): https://tangled.org/mackuba.eu/ruby4.0-regexp-test/tree/63e208de944debdc0a6…. There are 940 posts here in the sample and 17 regexps, and running 1000 loops takes 7 seconds on Ruby 3.4, but 13.5s on 4.0 (so almost 2x longer). Then, I started digging into the details to see if some specific posts or specific regexps cause the slowdown. It turned out that most of the 17 regexps, if tested alone, work about the same on 3.4 & 4.0, but two work around 4x slower: /\bslackware\b/i and /\bkde plasma\b/i. (This seems to be not only about the length of the regexp, but also specific characters, because e.g. /\blongstring\b/i does not trigger this effect.) It also seems that this only happens if the searched string contains non-ASCII characters. An updated, more minimal version of the demo is here: https://tangled.org/mackuba.eu/ruby4.0-regexp-test/tree/d9e145c1e9f39fca6dd…. One regexp and one string. With a million loops, it takes 0.75s on Ruby 3.4, but 2.7s on Ruby 4.0. (No change on latest master, ruby 4.1.0dev (2026-01-05T17:18:47Z master 7e81bf5c0c), i.e. it's still much slower than on 3.4.) If the few non-ASCII characters (apostrophe, ndash, ellipsis, TM) are removed from the string, the slowdown goes away. Finally, with some help from Codex I tried to track down which specific change between 3.4 and 4.0 caused this slowdown. It turned out to be this commit: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/981ee02c7c664f19b983662d618d5e6bd87d1739, authored in November 2017 (!), but merged around 31st October this year. It says it "fixes performance problem with /k/i and /s/i". I'm not familiar with these string search algorithms so I'm not able to evaluate this in detail or say how this could be fixed, but from the description I'm assuming that it improves performance in some cases of text/regexp, but apparently degrades it in some others like mine. Since in my main test of a practical scenario which matches ~100k posts against ~900 regexps, as well as the earlier demo which matches 940 posts against 17 regexps, the updated version in 4.0 is slower (5% and 47% slower, respectively), my guess is that the net result will generally be negative, i.e. that this change committed in October makes more cases slower than it makes faster. But like I said, I don't know enough about regexp algorithms to analyze this deeper, I can only report my results. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

1 0

[ruby-core:124482] [Ruby Bug#21824] performance regression in regexp matching after update to 4.0
by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) 12 Jan '26

12 Jan '26

Issue #21824 has been updated by nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada). Could you share how you measured the performance? ---------------------------------------- Bug #21824: performance regression in regexp matching after update to 4.0 https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21824#change-116032 * Author: mackuba (Kuba Suder) * Status: Open * ruby -v: ruby 4.0.0 (2025-12-25 revision 553f1675f3) +PRISM [arm64-darwin24] * Backport: 3.2: UNKNOWN, 3.3: UNKNOWN, 3.4: UNKNOWN, 4.0: UNKNOWN ---------------------------------------- TLDR: a change in the regexp algorithm in regcomp.c merged around October was supposed to speed up the matching, but it seems it has slowed it down more in practice. === I'm running a service written in Ruby which serves some number of Bluesky feeds. As part of this service, I have a process that connects to a websocket API (w/ EventMachine), reads from it all new posts made on the network in real time (on the order of ~100 posts per second on average lately), and passes each post through a #post_matches? method in about 20 feed objects, each of which has a number of regexps configured (most have around 20-30, but one has a few hundred, probably something like 900 regexps in total). If a given post's text (up to 300 unicode characters) matches any of the regexps of the given feed (and/or matches some additional conditions), it's added to this feed in the database. I often use a slightly older version of this project with a fixed pre-downloaded chunk of the posts stream, with ~100k random but real posts in one large binary file, as a benchmark on different versions of Ruby. So I ran it again on 4.0 after it was released a week ago, and I got this: https://bsky.app/profile/mackuba.eu/post/3mb2quhdoqs23 The numbers are the calculated speed of processing, in events per second, after going through the whole sample of 100k events and a full set of feeds. So there was a 5-6% slowdown on Ruby 4.0 vs. Ruby 3.4 (with or without YJIT), putting it below any version of Ruby since 3.0. I started profiling which specific parts of the code got slower, and I narrowed it down to regexp matching (the full loop also does e.g. decoding of data from a binary format from the file). I made a demo project reproducing this here (note, linking to a slightly earlier commit): https://tangled.org/mackuba.eu/ruby4.0-regexp-test/tree/63e208de944debdc0a6…. There are 940 posts here in the sample and 17 regexps, and running 1000 loops takes 7 seconds on Ruby 3.4, but 13.5s on 4.0 (so almost 2x longer). Then, I started digging into the details to see if some specific posts or specific regexps cause the slowdown. It turned out that most of the 17 regexps, if tested alone, work about the same on 3.4 & 4.0, but two work around 4x slower: /\bslackware\b/i and /\bkde plasma\b/i. (This seems to be not only about the length of the regexp, but also specific characters, because e.g. /\blongstring\b/i does not trigger this effect.) It also seems that this only happens if the searched string contains non-ASCII characters. An updated, more minimal version of the demo is here: https://tangled.org/mackuba.eu/ruby4.0-regexp-test/tree/d9e145c1e9f39fca6dd…. One regexp and one string. With a million loops, it takes 0.75s on Ruby 3.4, but 2.7s on Ruby 4.0. (No change on latest master, ruby 4.1.0dev (2026-01-05T17:18:47Z master 7e81bf5c0c), i.e. it's still much slower than on 3.4.) If the few non-ASCII characters (apostrophe, ndash, ellipsis, TM) are removed from the string, the slowdown goes away. Finally, with some help from Codex I tried to track down which specific change between 3.4 and 4.0 caused this slowdown. It turned out to be this commit: https://github.com/ruby/ruby/commit/981ee02c7c664f19b983662d618d5e6bd87d1739, authored in November 2017 (!), but merged around 31st October this year. It says it "fixes performance problem with /k/i and /s/i". I'm not familiar with these string search algorithms so I'm not able to evaluate this in detail or say how this could be fixed, but from the description I'm assuming that it improves performance in some cases of text/regexp, but apparently degrades it in some others like mine. Since in my main test of a practical scenario which matches ~100k posts against ~900 regexps, as well as the earlier demo which matches 940 posts against 17 regexps, the updated version in 4.0 is slower (5% and 47% slower, respectively), my guess is that the net result will generally be negative, i.e. that this change committed in October makes more cases slower than it makes faster. But like I said, I don't know enough about regexp algorithms to analyze this deeper, I can only report my results. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

1 0

[ruby-core:124173] [Ruby Misc#21777] DevMeeting-2026-01-14
by mame (Yusuke Endoh) 10 Jan '26

10 Jan '26

Issue #21777 has been reported by mame (Yusuke Endoh). ---------------------------------------- Misc #21777: DevMeeting-2026-01-14 https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21777 * Author: mame (Yusuke Endoh) * Status: Open ---------------------------------------- # The next dev meeting **Date: 2026/01/14 13:00-17:00** (JST) Log: *TBD* - Dev meeting *IS NOT* a decision-making place. All decisions should be done at the bug tracker. - Dev meeting is a place we can ask Matz, nobu, nurse and other developers directly. - Matz is a very busy person. Take this opportunity to ask him. If you can not attend, other attendees can ask instead of you (if attendees can understand your issue). - We will write a record of the discussion in the file or to each ticket in English. - All activities are best-effort (keep in mind that most of us are volunteer developers). - The date, time and place of the meeting are scheduled according to when/where we can reserve Matz's time. - *DO NOT* discuss then on this ticket, please. # Call for agenda items If you have a ticket that you want matz and committers to discuss, please post it into this ticket in the following format: ``` * [Ticket ref] Ticket title (your name) * Comment (A summary of the ticket, why you put this ticket here, what point should be discussed, etc.) ``` Example: ``` * [Feature #14609] `Kernel#p` without args shows the receiver (ko1) * I feel this feature is very useful and some people say :+1: so let discuss this feature. ``` - It is recommended to add a comment by 2026/01/11. We hold a preparatory meeting to create an agenda a few days before the dev-meeting. - The format is strict. We'll use [this script to automatically create an markdown-style agenda](https://gist.github.com/mame/b0390509ce1491b43610b9ebb665eb86). We may ignore a comment that does not follow the format. - Your comment is mandatory. We cannot read all discussion of the ticket in a limited time. We appreciate it if you could write a short summary and update from a previous discussion. -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

4 9

[ruby-core:124469] [Ruby Feature#16848] Allow callables in $LOAD_PATH
by fxn (Xavier Noria) 09 Jan '26

09 Jan '26

Issue #16848 has been updated by fxn (Xavier Noria). BTW, the contract could be to return a file handle (which could be a StringIO) or `nil`. ---------------------------------------- Feature #16848: Allow callables in $LOAD_PATH https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16848#change-116020 * Author: byroot (Jean Boussier) * Status: Feedback ---------------------------------------- Make it easier to implement `$LOAD_PATH` caching, and speed up application boot time. I benchmarked it on Redmine's master using bootsnap with only the optimization enabled: ```ruby if ENV['CACHE_LOAD_PATH'] require 'bootsnap' Bootsnap.setup( cache_dir: 'tmp/cache', development_mode: false, load_path_cache: true, autoload_paths_cache: true, disable_trace: false, compile_cache_iseq: true, compile_cache_yaml: false, ) end ``` ``` $ RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 2.66 real 1.99 user 0.66 sys $ RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 2.71 real 1.97 user 0.66 sys $ CACHE_LOAD_PATH=1 RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 1.41 real 1.12 user 0.28 sys $ CACHE_LOAD_PATH=1 RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 1.41 real 1.12 user 0.28 sys ``` That's twice for a relatively small application. And the performance improvement is not linear; the larger the application, the larger the improvement. ### How it works `require` has `O($LOAD_PATH.size)` performance. The more gems you add to your `Gemfile`, the larger `$LOAD_PATH` becomes. `require "foo.rb"` will try to open the file in each of the `$LOAD_PATH` entries. And since more gems usually also means more `require` calls, loading Ruby code may take up to quadratic performance loss. To improve this, Bootsnap pre-computes a map of all the files in your `$LOAD_PATH`, and uses it to convert relative paths into absolute paths so that Ruby skips the `$LOAD_PATH` traversal. ```ruby $LOAD_PATH = $w(/gems/foo/lib /gems/bar/lib) BOOTSNAP_CACHE = { "bar.rb" => "/gems/bar/lib/bar.rb", } ``` This resolves file lookup by a single hash lookup, and reduces boot performance from roughly `O($LOAD_PATH.size * number_of_files_to_require)` to `O(number_of_files_to_require)`. This optimization is also used in [Gel](https://github.com/gel-rb/gel), a Rubygems/Bundler replacement. ### Trade offs Every time `$LOAD_PATH` is modified, the cache must become invalidated. While this is complex to do for Bootsnap, it would be fairly easy if it is implemented inside Ruby. More importantly, you have to invalidate the cache whenever you add or delete a file to/from one of the `$LOAD_PATH` members; otherwise, if you shadow or unshadow another file farther in the `$LOAD_PATH`, Bootsnap will load a wrong file. For instance, if `require "foo.rb"` initially resolves to `/some/gem/foo.rb`, and you create `lib/foo.rb`, you'll need to flush Bootsnap cache. That latter is trickier, and Bootsnap has decided that it is rare enough to cause actual problems, and so far that holds. But that is not a trade off Ruby can make. However that's probably a tradeoff Rubygems/Bundler can make. While it's common to edit your gems to debug something, it's really uncommon to add or remove files inside them. So in theory Rubygems/Bundler could compute a map of all files in a gem that can be required after it installs it. Then when you activate it, you merge it together with the other activated gems. ### Proposal This could be reasonably easy to implement if `$LOAD_PATH` accepted callables in addition to paths. Something like this: ```ruby $LOAD_PATH = [ 'my_app/lib', BundlerOrRubygems.method(:lookup), ] ``` The contract would be that `BundlerOrRubygems.lookup("some_relative/path.rb")` would return either an absolute path or `nil`. With such API, it would be easy to cache absolute paths only for gems and the stdlib, and preserve the current cache-less behavior for the application specific load paths, which are usually much less numerous. It would also allow frameworks such as Rails to implement the same caching for application paths when running in an environment where the source files are immutable (typically production). -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:124468] [Ruby Feature#16848] Allow callables in $LOAD_PATH
by fxn (Xavier Noria) 09 Jan '26

09 Jan '26

Issue #16848 has been updated by fxn (Xavier Noria). Hey, just saw this ticket. I wanted to share as a curiosity that Perl has this: You can store coderefs in `@INC`. That gives you plenty of flexibility. For example, the Perl Archive Toolkit provides a way to ship projects in one single .par file. Similar idea to .jar files in Java. PAR injects code in `@INC` to perform file lookups inside the .par files. ---------------------------------------- Feature #16848: Allow callables in $LOAD_PATH https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16848#change-116019 * Author: byroot (Jean Boussier) * Status: Feedback ---------------------------------------- Make it easier to implement `$LOAD_PATH` caching, and speed up application boot time. I benchmarked it on Redmine's master using bootsnap with only the optimization enabled: ```ruby if ENV['CACHE_LOAD_PATH'] require 'bootsnap' Bootsnap.setup( cache_dir: 'tmp/cache', development_mode: false, load_path_cache: true, autoload_paths_cache: true, disable_trace: false, compile_cache_iseq: true, compile_cache_yaml: false, ) end ``` ``` $ RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 2.66 real 1.99 user 0.66 sys $ RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 2.71 real 1.97 user 0.66 sys $ CACHE_LOAD_PATH=1 RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 1.41 real 1.12 user 0.28 sys $ CACHE_LOAD_PATH=1 RAILS_ENV=production time bin/rails runner 'p 1' 1.41 real 1.12 user 0.28 sys ``` That's twice for a relatively small application. And the performance improvement is not linear; the larger the application, the larger the improvement. ### How it works `require` has `O($LOAD_PATH.size)` performance. The more gems you add to your `Gemfile`, the larger `$LOAD_PATH` becomes. `require "foo.rb"` will try to open the file in each of the `$LOAD_PATH` entries. And since more gems usually also means more `require` calls, loading Ruby code may take up to quadratic performance loss. To improve this, Bootsnap pre-computes a map of all the files in your `$LOAD_PATH`, and uses it to convert relative paths into absolute paths so that Ruby skips the `$LOAD_PATH` traversal. ```ruby $LOAD_PATH = $w(/gems/foo/lib /gems/bar/lib) BOOTSNAP_CACHE = { "bar.rb" => "/gems/bar/lib/bar.rb", } ``` This resolves file lookup by a single hash lookup, and reduces boot performance from roughly `O($LOAD_PATH.size * number_of_files_to_require)` to `O(number_of_files_to_require)`. This optimization is also used in [Gel](https://github.com/gel-rb/gel), a Rubygems/Bundler replacement. ### Trade offs Every time `$LOAD_PATH` is modified, the cache must become invalidated. While this is complex to do for Bootsnap, it would be fairly easy if it is implemented inside Ruby. More importantly, you have to invalidate the cache whenever you add or delete a file to/from one of the `$LOAD_PATH` members; otherwise, if you shadow or unshadow another file farther in the `$LOAD_PATH`, Bootsnap will load a wrong file. For instance, if `require "foo.rb"` initially resolves to `/some/gem/foo.rb`, and you create `lib/foo.rb`, you'll need to flush Bootsnap cache. That latter is trickier, and Bootsnap has decided that it is rare enough to cause actual problems, and so far that holds. But that is not a trade off Ruby can make. However that's probably a tradeoff Rubygems/Bundler can make. While it's common to edit your gems to debug something, it's really uncommon to add or remove files inside them. So in theory Rubygems/Bundler could compute a map of all files in a gem that can be required after it installs it. Then when you activate it, you merge it together with the other activated gems. ### Proposal This could be reasonably easy to implement if `$LOAD_PATH` accepted callables in addition to paths. Something like this: ```ruby $LOAD_PATH = [ 'my_app/lib', BundlerOrRubygems.method(:lookup), ] ``` The contract would be that `BundlerOrRubygems.lookup("some_relative/path.rb")` would return either an absolute path or `nil`. With such API, it would be easy to cache absolute paths only for gems and the stdlib, and preserve the current cache-less behavior for the application specific load paths, which are usually much less numerous. It would also allow frameworks such as Rails to implement the same caching for application paths when running in an environment where the source files are immutable (typically production). -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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[ruby-core:124465] [Ruby Feature#6012] Proc#source_location also return the column
by Eregon (Benoit Daloze) 09 Jan '26

09 Jan '26

Issue #6012 has been updated by Eregon (Benoit Daloze). mame (Yusuke Endoh) wrote in #note-50: > Also, Ruby's grammar will certainly continue to change, and I have no doubt that the instances of overlapping Nodes, beyond just `StatementsNode` and `CallNode`, can increase accordingly. Maybe, but this does not matter for this feature. A {Method,UnboundMethod,Proc}#source_location will remain the same regardless of the number of overlapping Nodes. There are many use cases and ultimate purposes that are treating the source of a method/block as a string to e.g. print the source of the method/block, or inject extra code in it. I believe those are valid, even if they don't work in some weird edge case (heredoc across end). Requiring e.g. parsing + unparsing for every code transformation/instrumentation is too heavy, many use cases don't need that. ---------------------------------------- Feature #6012: Proc#source_location also return the column https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/6012#change-116016 * Author: rogerdpack (Roger Pack) * Status: Closed * Assignee: nobu (Nobuyoshi Nakada) ---------------------------------------- As originally suggested in http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-core/42418 Suggestion/feature request: have #source_location also return the beginning column where it was defined. ["test.rb", 8, 33] Thanks! -roger- -- https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/

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